Week 5 Reflection Paper - 655 Words

Learning Team Reflection Andre Parker, Kellie Baker, Michael Wheeler and Jeffery Stewart LAW/531 June 16, 2013 Erikka Hise The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act This assignment instructed us to read four articles concerning Legal Issues in International and Domestic Business Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Within this assignment it discussed the crisis in corporation’s unethical practices. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 sparked the argument that United States companies are disadvantaged in international markets. The act has been controversial since its enactment, with some critics attacking it as ineffective and the American business community complaining that it places U.S. enterprises at†¦show more content†¦Civil lawsuits can also cause problems with a company’s director and officer insurance coverage. Most policies in some organizations will not cover FCPA civil penalties awarded against officers, directors, and or employees of a company. Klein and Aguilar (2010), Stuart says FCPA programs must also consider how the company does business in different regions, so its cont rols address specific practices and operations in those regions, and aren’t just generic controls that apply (with mixed results) worldwide. I agree that the FCPA should consider the region and nature of individual businesses. Every need of any company or operation will never be alike. Conclusion Nevertheless, we believe most companies would be judicious to distribute their funds into strategic compliance planning. According to Compliance Planning (n.d.), compliance planning are any individual or individuals providing services and submitting a claim for payment by the federal government must be alert to the potential for liability stemming from an inappropriately submitted claim. 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Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism Free Essays

string(74) " Ford Motor Corporation was transferred to Highland Park, Michigan Plant\." Name: Ginu Abraham Registration Number: H00124734 Course: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Coursework type: ESSAY Course Tutor: Dr. UmmeSalma HOW CAN THE EMERGENCE OF MNCs BE BEST EXPLAINED? Multi-National Corporations are corporations which have their head office in one country which is called the host country or the home country from where it manages their operations all over the world. Normally any corporation or group which derives the quarter of their income from their operations outside the host country is considered a multinational corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are mainly four categories of Multi-National Corporations (1) a multinational, decentralized corporation with strong home country presence, (2) a global, centralized corporation that acquires cost advantages through centralized production wherever cheaper resources are available (3) an international company that builds on the parent corporation’s technology or R;amp;D (4) a transitional enterprise that combines the previous three approaches . As according to the UN data about 35000 companies have direct investment in foreign countries, and the largest 100 of them control about 40 percent of world trade. Anon. , 2012) The birth of MNC’s started from the early days of transitional trade started by Mesopotamian, Phoenician and Greek merchants. As the result of fall of Roman Empire the trade among various nations became difficult. The feudalism in Middle East and Europe resulted in wars among feudal lords and church prohibited the trade with the Muslim nations. After years the trade was established by traders of Italy who are considered as the predecessors of present day Multi-National Corporations. In the mid of seventeenth and eighteenth century Multinational corporations in the form of trading companies started. The East India Company, the French Levant Company, the Hudson Bay Company, was the main multinational companies established in those days. Standard Oil, British Petroleum, International Nickel and Ana Conda Copper were the main MNCs investing mainly in petroleum and mining industries in the early twentieth century. The MNCs went through three main phases in their growth process. The first phase came to an end almost at the beginning of the 1st World War. The European Companies such as Imperial Tobacco, Dunlop, Siemens, Philips, etc. captured the field. Due to the recessionary situation prevailing world over during the post-war period amidst of 1930-1950 the growth of Multinational corporations came to a halt. During the first phase, decades of 1950s and 1960s witnessed the emergence of American MNCs such as IBM, General Motors, and Ford Motors. The 1970’s witnessed the third phase of MNC’s. The new age belonged to the German, Europeans and Japanese MNCs. The recent years witnessed the emergence of MNCS from developing countries such as Indonesia, India etc. (Nirav, 2012) Let us consider the case of Ford Motor Corporation over the years. The life cycle of this company will help us better understand the emergence of the MNCs Ford Motors is an American automotive corporation found by Henry Ford and a number of associates, who were C. H Bennett, Alexander Malcomson, James Couzens, John W. Anderson, John F. Dodge, Charles J. Woodall, Horace H. Rackham, Horace E. Dodge, Vernon C. Fry, John S. Gray and Albert Strelow started on June 1903. The company have produced automotive parts and heavy vehicles in the past. The Ford Motor company today produces luxury and commercial cars. (Anon. , www. britannica. com) Ford introduced various methods which were later called as Fordism. These were the methods like assembly lines and management of high scale industrial work-force and methods for higher level of production of cars. Henry Ford was one most common symbol of transformation of agricultural to industrial mass production, mass consumption economy. Ford was the creative or most resourceful force which resulted in the growth to superiority of the automobile industry to the world’s prime manufacturing activity. The foremost of the transformations it made was from the craft production to the mass production which helped in the creation of markets as it is mainly based on the economies of scale and scope which resulted in the rise to giant organizations which were built upon minute divisions of labour and functional specialisation. These were the main factors which resulted in the creation of a wider market. The company grew on the concept that to manufacture it by mass and to standardize a product in end would mean to price it so low so that even the lay man would afford to buy it. Ford manufactured almost everything he required for his cars right from the basic raw materials. Ford mastered the mass production techniques to achieve significant economies by taking the task of doing everything by him. Ford was cautious about finance, accounting and giving super vision short and straight for the efficient coordination of the free flow of the raw materials and the components through the production procedure. These were the two reasons why Ford vertically integrated the corporation. Though for the complete vertical integration it needed a huge amount work force including middle managers and specialists which were to be employed and assigned according to the hierarchical scheme. Thus in the end it all helped in the vertical integration of the corporation. By 1950s, the increase in mass production made them the largest single group within every developed country. (Thompson, n. d. The following chain of events will help to shed some light on the three stages of evolution of the company to an MNC. These stages will be further explained following the key moments in history. Ford Motor Corporation sold their first car which was assembled in their Mack Avenue plant in Detroit. The first car that they sold was a two cylinder model A on July 23rd. The Model T was made available to the public in 1908 and in which model production continued until 1927. Ford Motor Corporation of Canada incorporated n ear Winsor in Ontario. In the same year Ford Motor corporation starts the production at the Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit In 1910 The Manufacturing operations of Ford Motor Corporation was transferred to Highland Park, Michigan Plant. You read "Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism" in category "Papers" The corporation established their first overseas plant in Trafford Park, Manchester, England in 1911. The experiments with the assembly line began at the Highland Park Plant. The early trials with the transmissions and magnetos were followed by the advancement of chassis assembly line by the mid of the 1913 and by the end of the 1915 the one millionth car was produced by the Ford Motor Corporation. Two years later first Ford truck was introduced which was supported by the Model T engine and in the same year the production of Fordson tractor begins which until Feb 1928 was produced only in North America. It was in the beginning of the 1922 the Ford Motor company purchased Lincoln Motor Company for 8 million dollars and Edsel Ford the son of Henry Ford was named as the president of the Lincoln. After five years from the purchase of Lincoln Motor Company, it ceases the model T production which was being sold to the public since 1908. Ford starts with production of the Model A in the same year which continues till 1932. By the beginning of 1941 ford started producing the Mercury, the first jeep and first V8 en-block engine-equipped car built. All these car productions came to a halt by the beginning of World War II in 1942 and the production of Ford passenger cars was only resumed by July 3rd 1945. Later in 1956 Ford Motor company transforms into a publicly-held company with the common stock sale in the public and was listed on NYSE in the beginning of 1956. By the same year the Ford Motor company subsidiary on Aeronutronics systems, established which specialized in defence weapons and aerospace technology. As the Ford Motor corporation went on progressing with their production and sales reaching higher demands it finally achieves exceeded earnings than those of the General Motors for the First time in 1986/1987. The same year it earns record profits of 4. 63 billion but later on in 1991 Ford Motor Company’s largest loss in a year was recorded as 2. 3 billion. As the result the Ford Motor company creates a Quality Care system to meet the needs the Ford dealerships and Ford owners. The same year Ford and Volkswagen Embark on a joint venture in â€Å"Auto Europa†, which is an organisation which produce multipurpose vehicles in Portugal. Later next year Ford’s F series truck known as the best-selling truck for the tenth consecutive years in United States. Ford also succeeds in producing the first car which has environment friendly air-conditioning system. By the same year, Ford acquires 50% of the Mazda Motor Manufacturing and renames it as Auto Alliance International. In the year 1993, Ford is claims five of the eight top selling vehicles in the United States. The same year the first formal Ford Dealerships were placed inside the mainland China and the Ford China operations later secured the manufacturing and assembly. In 1994 the first ford assembly began in India and acquires the world’s largest car rental company named Hertz. Finally in 1995 the Ford 2000 is initiated which was said to combine the power, resources ultimately to be a world company with the intimacy and agility of a small one. (Anon. , 2010) Later through years till to date the Ford Motor Corporation concentrated firmly on increasing the consumer base by marketing and developing new products and to achieve their globalization goals. Ford also tried to put more effort on the research and development to increase their consumer base by commercialising cars powered with natural gas. The company advanced by developing and introducing new features like side impact airbags to their products. The growth and development of the corporation reached even up to the teaming up with the NASA to develop features for their cars which no other corporations in automobile industry have ever provided. Over the years though the ford corporation have already started selling their products, after the 90s it came to a broader perspective of growth by extending their fields to various other sections by teaming up with NASA, Oracle Corporation and even a YMCA Childcare, which portrays the in deep goals to become more than a popular automobile manufacturing corporation. At this juncture I would like to shed some light on three stage of evolution that the Ford Corporation had to get through to become a MNC. There are generally three stages of evolution for a corporation to become a Multinational Corporation; they are the Export stage, Foreign Production Stage and finally the Multinational stage. (BRIMS, n. d. ) The Fords motor Corporation which after its incorporation in 1903 made their first model commercialised for the public after a few years from incorporation. At this first stage of Export, it is the point of time were the Ford Motor Corporation had to completely rely on the export agents for exporting the cars outside their home country as they had no other option to increase their export sales. They built plants in Detroit and Michigan to increase the production to satisfy the demand for the cars. The company focuses mainly on achieving higher number of export sales and introduces methods like assembly line to reduce cost and to save time which ultimately increases the production. In the second stage of foreign production, the Ford motor corporation’s export sales reach the limits of the sales to the foreign countries in means of export sales. Now the Corporation had the option of either to start a plant in a foreign country or to license corporation’s technology to a new company in a foreign country is a risky choice as it may result in transfer of trade secrets regarding the technology to a new firm thereby paving way for the rise of a rival. In spite of these facts the Ford Motor Corporation established their foremost overseas manufacturing plant in Trafford Park, Manchester. Thus the productivity of the Ford Motor Corporation increases and in 1915 it produces he one millionth ford car and over the decades the Ford Motor Corporation increases their productivity by building more efficient and advanced plants throughout the home country and in foreign countries as well, which means it has already entered the final stage of being a multinational company. In this final stage, Ford Motor Corporation focuses on research and development, financing, and recruiting and co-ordinating production. By viewing the world market into a broader and growth intended view which results in the standardisation of products and the services paving way for the emergence of MNCs. From this it is easy for us to understand the different phases involved in an organisation’s transformation into an MNC. This also helps us to understand the changing market trends and consumer behavioural characteristics thus helping us understand the concept of business as a whole. REFERENCE Anon. , 2010. www. thehenryford. org. [Online] Available at: http://www. thehenryford. org/exhibits/fmc/chrono. asp [Accessed 19 09 2012]. Anon. , 2012. www. businessdictionary. com. [Online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/multinational-corporation-MNC. html Anon. , www. britannica. com. www. britannica. com. Online] Available at: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/213265/Ford-Motor-Company [Accessed 19 09 2012]. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. : s. n. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. : s. n. Nirav, S. , 2012. www. preservearticles. com. [Online] Available at: http://www. preservearticles. com/2012020122380/emergence-of-mncs-in-a-historical-perspective. html [Accessed 20 09 2012]. Thompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production, Virginia: s. n. Thompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible Sytem of Production , Virginia: s. n. How to cite Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism, Papers

WTO and Its Success in Jordan

Introduction: WTO Principles in Jordan Globalization seems to have taken its toll on business and economy all over the world. For those states that have not been included into the WTO, it is becoming increasingly hard to provide its citizens with decent opportunities in education and career (Ekins Voituriez 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on WTO and Its Success in Jordan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, joining the WTO also means facing a number of challenges. Despite the success and opportunities that entering the WTO is bound to bring to Jordan entrepreneurs, the state is obviously going to suffer a crisis caused by the necessity to comply with the standards of the organization, which the Gravity Model is bound to help with. Discussion: The Essence of Economic Growth Story Jordan is primarily known for its scarce resources (El-Naser 2009). As a result, the state owns much money to its current busi ness partners. With better logistics strategy, Jordanian entrepreneurs could focus on improving their companies’ performance; however, at present, most money goes for transportation and delivery of the products. As a result, the state is in huge debt to its business partners (Oxford Business Group 2009). However, by entering the WTO, the state authorities hope to raise the public and private entrepreneurships’ revenues (Ibpusa 2009). Model As it has been stressed, the Jordanian government is going to implement the Gravity Model, which presupposes that Jordan will have to pick its business partners based not only on the influence that the latter have in the WTO, but also on the distance between the two states (van Bergeijk Brakman 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Outcomes It is expected that participation in the WTO and trading in the realm of the global market will bring Jordan economic success: â€Å"for a small country such as Jordan, liberalizing the economy and integration into the world market could offer the best prospect to overcome the limited scale of the domestic economy and to help increase productivity through specialization† (Saqfalhait 2012, p. 180). Analysis: The Success of the Gravity Model Positive effects Despite the rapid change that the economy of Jordan was to be exposed to, there has been a lot of improvement in the business sphere of the state. As the existing reports show, private entrepreneurship was finally given another chance to grow, and the problem of unemployment in public and private organizations was partially solved. In addition, employees were finally provided with more options for personal and professional growth (Carroll 2003). However, these are not the only positive effects that the agreement with the WTO brought Jordan and its businessmen. In addition to the chances for small and mediu m entrepreneurship (SME) development, the opportunities for the state economy in general emerged (Fawzy 2002). Opportunities Perhaps, one of the most impressive positive effects that the introduction of the WTO principles into the economic strategies of Jordan has had on the country’s economy concerns the opportunities that the Jordan entrepreneurs, as well as the state government, have in front of them. By joining the WTO system, Jordan has become a member of the worldwide trade process, therefore, increasing its chances on not only getting investments from foreign states, but also starting partnership with major foreign companies and expanding some of the most efficient Jordan entrepreneurships into international corporations (Lucas 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on WTO and Its Success in Jordan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Challenges However, by accepting the WTO basic guidelines and becoming a part of the global trade system, the state authorities have also exposed the Jordan economy to an incredibly competitive environment, therefore, making its major companies especially vulnerable to the high-grossing rivals from other states (Malkawi 2006). Apart from high competition rates, Jordan will also have to face the challenge of rearranging some of its businesses so that they could fit into the global trade environment. The process of adapting towards the new rules is not going to be easy and will most certainly take considerable time (Tomaria 2008). Negative effects Sadly enough, by signing the agreement with the WTO, Jordan authorities have also had certain negative effects on the state economy. Every change occurring to a state triggers certain problems, since, to get adjusted to this change both in political and economical field, state officials need much time, money and effort (Hassan Al-Saci 2004). (Mitchell 2005). Nevertheless, due to the reasonable steps undertaken by the Jordan government, it can be assumed that the state economy is out of danger at present. Still, a brief overview of the current threats and the means to handle them is still required (Mitchell 2005). Evaluation As it has been stressed above, most of the issues that the Jordanian business people and entrepreneurs are having at present can be considered temporary and will be solved as soon as the process of adapting towards the new WTO principles is over (Center for International Private Enterprise 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, other issues need an urgent solution, which calls for certain measures to be taken. To start with, it is clear that the Jordanian SMEs require help from the government or foreign investors in order to become competitive in the new environment (International Monetary Fund 2004). Even with the quality of the production raised, there are still a lot of issues to be solved, especially the ones concerning technology and the availability of resources. As a result, it is crucial that SMEs should be provided with support from the government, i.e., better loan options in banks, etc. Current issues and their solutions When it comes to the evaluation of the major blocks standing in the way of Jordan entering the global market, the concern regarding the national debt must be mentioned. Indeed, according to the recent calculations, the debt that Jordan acquired due to the overseas borrowings made in 1980 reached drastic proportions in merely several years (International Monetary Fund 20 08). To solve the given problem, Jordan had to improve its economy, which could be carried out by allowing SMEs develop. The Jordan parliament, however, preferred another means to solve the situation, which concerned cutting the national budget. These endeavors to replenish the national economy and get out of the debt, however, did not lead to any fruitful results: There was a realization that, for a small country such as Jordan, liberalizing the economy and integration into the world market could offer the best prospect to overcome the limited scale of the domestic economy and to help increase productivity through specialization. (Saqfalhait 2012, p. 180) Therefore, it was clear that restructuring the national economy by accepting the WTO rules and joining the process of international trade seemed much like a perfect way out of the given problem to the Jordanian authorities. However, it appears that, to handle the situation regarding the debt that Jordan is currently in, the state needs the assistance from international partners (El-Said Becker 2001). The given tactics will allow for not only attracting more investors, who can possibly help the Jordanian SMEs take off the ground and become successful international enterprises, but will also allow for the exchange of experience and the introduction of new business strategies into the Jordanian companies, both public and private (Stevenson 2010). The last, but definitely not the least goal that the introduction of the WTO principles will help the state to accomplish concerns the upgrade in the qualifications of the labor force, which, according to the recently acquired information, has rather dated skills and needs to update them so that the performance of the staff could be up to the WTO standards (Masiejewski, Mansur, Alonso-Gamo 1990). The aforementioned challenges can be faced and dealt with efficiently once the principles of the Multinational Trading System are firmly integrated into the Jordan economy ( Bindi Angelescu 2012). By adopting a flexible system of government procurement, the Jordanian authorities will be able to get the public and private companies into the process of integration with the multinational trading system (Chauffour Maur 2011). Conclusion: Multinational Trading System As it has been stressed, the process of entering the multinational trading system will not flow impeccably perfect; on the contrary, with the debt that the Jordanian government has at present, it can be assumed that Jordanian entrepreneurs will have a number of issues in finding business partners, as well as customers to promote their services to. However, these issues can be dealt with. Multinational Trading System might be a bit of a challenge, with all the regulations and the high standards that every state has to uphold to. However, the opportunities that the members of the WTO can enjoy definitely compensate for the pressure of competition and the need to keep an eye on upgrading business strategies. Recommendations: What Can Be Improved The process of Jordan integrating into the world market is most likely to result in the state having certain economical issues at first. Seeing how the Jordanian SMEs need further development, which also requires financial resources, it will be necessary to attract partners who could invest into the Jordanian SMEs and public companies development, as well as the training of the staff. Consequently, it would be wrong to assume that the state is going to pay its debt immediately and recover from the losses that it has been taking for the last few decades. Therefore, the only possible solution for Jordan at present is to figure out how to adapt to the requirements set by the WTO and encourage the growth of the state SMEs, which the Gravity Model can allow for. Reference List Bindi, F Angelescu, I 2012, The foreign policy of the European Union: assessing Europe’s role in the world (2nd ed.), The Brookings Institution, Washington , DC. Carroll, K B 2003, Business as usual: Economic reform in Jordan, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD. Center for International Private Enterprise 2010, Strategies for policy reform (vol. 2): Engaging entrepreneurs in democratic governance, CIPE, Washington, DC. Chauffour, J-P Maur, J-C 2011, Preferential trade agreement policies for development, The World Bank, Washington, DC. Ekins, P Voituriez, T 2012, Trade, globalization and sustainability impact assessment, Earthscan, Sterling, VA. El-Naser, H 2009, Management of scarce water resources: A Middle Eastern experience, MIT University Press, Billerica, MA. El-Said, H Becker, K 2001, Management and international business issues in Jordan, Routledge, New York, NY. Fawzy, S 2002, Globalization and firm competitiveness in Middle East, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC. Hassan, F M A Al-Saci D 2004, Jordan: Supporting stable development in a challenging region, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC. Ibpusa 2009, Islamic financi al institutions, Intel Business Publications, Washington, DC. International Monetary Fund 2004, Jordan: 2004, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. International Monetary Fund 2008, Jordan: 2008, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. Lucas, R E 2006, Institutions and the politics of survival in Jordan, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY. Malkawi, B H 2006, Jordan and the World trading system: A case study, American University Library, Washington, DC. Masiejewski, E, Mansur, A S, Alonso-Gamo, P 1990, Jordan – strategy for adjustment and growth, International Monetary Fund Publication Services, Washington, DC. Mitchell, A D 2005, Challenges and prospects for the WTO, Cameron May, London, UK. Oxford Business Group 2009, The report: Jordan 2009. Oxford Business Group, Oxford, UK. Saqfalhait, N 2012, ‘Jordan WTO accession: A quantitative investigation and estimation of a gravity model,’ Applied Econometrics and International Development, vol . 12 no. 2, pp. 180–196. Stevenson, L 2010. Private sector and enterprise development: fostering growth in the Middle East and North Africa, Edward Elgar, Northampton, MA. Tomaria, R V 2008, Legacy of a rentier state: Reforming Jordan’s energy, water and telecommunications sectors, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Van Bergeijk, P G A, Brakman, S 2010, The gravity model in international trade: advances and applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. This essay on WTO and Its Success in Jordan was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Do Male Nurses Make More Money

Do Male Nurses Make More Money We know a wag gap exists throughout the business world, and that the fight for equal pay is super important. But does this happen in the nursing field? Surely if a male and a female nurse, with the same experience and education, are working in the same job, they must make the same money, right? Wrong. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), female RNs made a median weekly salary of $1,011 in 2008, while male RNs made $1,168. That doesn’t look like a huge difference, but remember to multiply that by 52. The gap begins to widen.Turns out, female nurses make 86.6 percent of what their male counterparts are making. Is this just because they make higher hourly wages? Yes and no. Male nurses typically have the advantage coming straight out of school. They make up 6% of the nursing workforce, but tend to be better represented in the more specialized, high paying sectors of the field.Almost half of CRNAs (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) are men, and making signific antly more than floor nurses, the vast majority of whom are women. This is mostly because becoming a CRNA requires a master’s degree, and men are more likely than women to go further in their nursing education. Men also factor highly in military nursing positions, which are also super lucrative.Now, this isn’t all salary discrepancy. Sometimes male nurses have the advantage because they’re not responsible for the same amount of childcare as some female nurses. They tend to have more freedom to work overtime shifts and take on extra work, relying on partners to pick up more of the domestic duties.And, perhaps more than anything, they tend to be more aggressive in asking for what they want in salary negotiations and annual reviews.Take away lesson for the ladies? If you can, get that extra degree. Ask your partner to take a few extra shifts of child care so you can bring in a bit more bacon. Push yourself a little further. Fight for pay equity. And, above all else , ask for a raise. You deserve it.

Do Male Nurses Make More Money

Do Male Nurses Make More Money We know a wag gap exists throughout the business world, and that the fight for equal pay is super important. But does this happen in the nursing field? Surely if a male and a female nurse, with the same experience and education, are working in the same job, they must make the same money, right? Wrong. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), female RNs made a median weekly salary of $1,011 in 2008, while male RNs made $1,168. That doesn’t look like a huge difference, but remember to multiply that by 52. The gap begins to widen.Turns out, female nurses make 86.6 percent of what their male counterparts are making. Is this just because they make higher hourly wages? Yes and no. Male nurses typically have the advantage coming straight out of school. They make up 6% of the nursing workforce, but tend to be better represented in the more specialized, high paying sectors of the field.Almost half of CRNAs (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) are men, and making signific antly more than floor nurses, the vast majority of whom are women. This is mostly because becoming a CRNA requires a master’s degree, and men are more likely than women to go further in their nursing education. Men also factor highly in military nursing positions, which are also super lucrative.Now, this isn’t all salary discrepancy. Sometimes male nurses have the advantage because they’re not responsible for the same amount of childcare as some female nurses. They tend to have more freedom to work overtime shifts and take on extra work, relying on partners to pick up more of the domestic duties.And, perhaps more than anything, they tend to be more aggressive in asking for what they want in salary negotiations and annual reviews.Take away lesson for the ladies? If you can, get that extra degree. Ask your partner to take a few extra shifts of child care so you can bring in a bit more bacon. Push yourself a little further. Fight for pay equity. And, above all else , ask for a raise. You deserve it.

Do Male Nurses Make More Money

Do Male Nurses Make More Money We know a wag gap exists throughout the business world, and that the fight for equal pay is super important. But does this happen in the nursing field? Surely if a male and a female nurse, with the same experience and education, are working in the same job, they must make the same money, right? Wrong. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), female RNs made a median weekly salary of $1,011 in 2008, while male RNs made $1,168. That doesn’t look like a huge difference, but remember to multiply that by 52. The gap begins to widen.Turns out, female nurses make 86.6 percent of what their male counterparts are making. Is this just because they make higher hourly wages? Yes and no. Male nurses typically have the advantage coming straight out of school. They make up 6% of the nursing workforce, but tend to be better represented in the more specialized, high paying sectors of the field.Almost half of CRNAs (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) are men, and making signific antly more than floor nurses, the vast majority of whom are women. This is mostly because becoming a CRNA requires a master’s degree, and men are more likely than women to go further in their nursing education. Men also factor highly in military nursing positions, which are also super lucrative.Now, this isn’t all salary discrepancy. Sometimes male nurses have the advantage because they’re not responsible for the same amount of childcare as some female nurses. They tend to have more freedom to work overtime shifts and take on extra work, relying on partners to pick up more of the domestic duties.And, perhaps more than anything, they tend to be more aggressive in asking for what they want in salary negotiations and annual reviews.Take away lesson for the ladies? If you can, get that extra degree. Ask your partner to take a few extra shifts of child care so you can bring in a bit more bacon. Push yourself a little further. Fight for pay equity. And, above all else , ask for a raise. You deserve it.

Translating the Spanish Verb Probar to English

Translating the Spanish Verb Probar to English Although the Spanish verb probar comes from the same Latin word as the English verb prove, it has a much wider range of meanings than the English word. It carries with it the idea not only of verifying that something is true, valid or suitable, but also of testing or trying to determine if that is the case. In fact, it can more often be translated as to test or to try than as to prove. Probar Meaning To Prove When it means to prove, probar is often followed by que: Hernando de Magallanes probà ³ que la Tierra es redonda. (Ferdinand Magellan proved that the Earth is round.) Los cientà ­ficos probaron que el cerebro de los sicà ³patas es biolà ³gicamente diferente. (The scientists proved that the brain of psychopaths is biologically different.) Si pides asilo polà ­tico en cualquier lugar, tienes que probar que hay persecucià ³n polà ­tica. (If you ask for political asylum anywhere, you have to prove that there is political persecution.) A veces tengo la sensacià ³n que alguien me observa, pero no puedo probarlo. (Sometimes I have the feeling that someone is watching me, but I cant prove it.) Probar Meaning To Test or To Try Probar is used in a wide variety of contexts to refer to the trying or testing of an item or activity. The context will determine whether try or test is a suitable translation, although often either one can be used. Los cientà ­ficos probaron la tà ©cnica en ratones diabà ©ticos. (The scientists tested the technique on diabetic mice.) Se probà ³ el mà ©todo tradicional empleado en el laboratorio. (The traditional method used in the laboratory was tried.) Se probà ³ la droga en catorce personas. (The drug was tested on 14 people.) Cuando la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a probà ³ Windows Server, vio importantes beneficios. (When the company tried Windows Server, it saw important advantages.) Una patata chiquita querrà ­a volar. Probaba y probaba y no podà ­a volar. (A little potato wanted to fly. She tried and she tried and she could not fly.) Using Probar in Reference to Food and Clothing Probar is very commonly used when referring to tasting food or putting on clothing, usually but not necessarily to see whether it is suitable. In a few cases, as in the final example below, it can refer to a habitual action rather than a single event. As in the examples below, it is very common to use the reflexive form, probarse, when referring to the trying on of clothing. Yo no querrà ­a probar los saltamontes fritos. (I didnt want to taste the fried grasshoppers.) Esta sopa de pollo es muy cicatrizante y te ayudar.  ¡Prà ³bala! (This chicken soup is very healing and will help you. Taste it!) Marco llegà ³ y rpidamente se probà ³ la camisa oficial del equipo. (Marco arrived and quickly tried on the teams official shirt.) Cenicienta se probà ³ la zapatilla de cristal. (Cinderella put on the crystal slipper.) Alejandra no prueba la carne porque piensa que es ms sano ser vegetariana. (Alejandra doesnt eat meat because she believes it is healthier to be a vegetarian.) In the negative form when referring to food or drink, probar can indicate that the person doesnt consume the product at all. No pruebo la carne de caballo. (I dont eat horse meat.) Phrases Using Probar The most common phrase using probar is obligacià ³n de probar, a legal term meaning burden of proof. En Estados Unidos, el fiscal tiene la obligacià ³n de probar. (In the United States, the prosecutor has the burden of proof.) Probar suerte typically means to try ones luck. Nuestra hija prueba suerte en Hollywood. (Our daughter is trying her luck in Hollywood.)