Montagnais Tribe Essay

The Montagnais Tribe Summary and Analysis: a. The myth comes from the the Montagnais tribe (also known as the Naskapi Indians), who are now called Innus (they have a lot of names) b. The location of the tribe during the pre-columbian era was in eastern Canada, in what is now Quebec. When the Europeans began dominating the Montagnais’ tribal lands, the Montagnais recognized that the Europeans could be of some use to them. They became quick allies with the french, and made a compromise with them to handle all of the tribe’s fur trade in turn for protecting them against their enemy tribe, the Mohawks. c. Main characters: – Atachecam – creator of the earth, the Montagnais don’t know much about him – Messou – flooded the entire earth and rebuilt it, loves his lynxes – Muskrat – Brought back the piece of land that Messou uses to rebuild the earth – The Lynxes – Messou’s beloved pets, dumb enough to get stuc k in a lake d. The Montagnais tribe believed that the world was created by a powerful god named Atachecam. However, they don’t know how he created the earth, nor do they know much about him. One day, Messou was hunting with his lynxes when the lynxes got trapped in a lake. Messou looked all over for them, but could not find them, until a bird came by and said that he had seen the lynxes going into the lake and that they were stuck there. Messou tried to go into the lake to save the lynxes, but he overflowed the lake and flooded the entire earth. Messou tried to send a raven to retrieve a piece of ground that he could use to rebuild the earth, but the raven was unsuccessful. Then he sent an otter to retrieve some ground, with the same results. Finally, Messou sent a muskrat to get land, and the muskrat returned successfully with a piece of ground. Messou rebuilt the earth, exacted revenge on whatever had been holding his lynxes, and married the muskrat to repopulate the earth. e. The Montagnais believed that the earth, or their land as they knew it, was an island that had been created by Messou when he flooded the earth, and that all of the offspring between the muskrat and Messou became ancestors of all of the current creatures of the earth (including humans.) In other words, the Montagnais believe that they were the original people on this land. f. The myth sounds vaguely familiar to the story of Noah’s Ark; in fact, in an altered version of the Innus creation myth, the Montagnais God commanded a man to build a large canoe, and then flooded the earth. In comparison (with the first story), Messou can be connected to Noah, although Noah was not the cause of the flood that God created. The fact that Messou married the muskrat to repopulate the earth could be connected to how, in saving all of the animals, Noah was able to repopulate the earth after the flood. In this myth, there is nothing that would necessarily support the theory of the crossing of the Bering Strait, aside from the fact that there was a flood, which very well may have occurred after the Ice Age in the Younger Dryas era, but the myth can definitely support the idea that the Montagnais were an original people. It certainly can be inferred that the creation myth could hold to some level of truth, (symbolically, of course.) g. What we can learn from oral history, especially this myth in particular, is whether or not certain tribes are an original people or sub-cultures of other tribes. We may also be able to tentatively trace the immigration of these tribes back as far as the Ice Age or possibly even before. h. Bibliography â€Å"Indians and Colonists Relations.† 123helpme.com. 123helpme.com, Inc. 2012. Web. â€Å"Montagnais.† Atlantapedia.com. Atlantapedia, Inc. 2012. Web. â€Å"Montgnais Religion.† bigorrin.com. Article Archives. 2012. Web.

Choicepoint Data Breach Essay

Abstract The ChoicePoint data breach occurred in 2005. This insider data breach brought to light how a company can still be vulnerable to having data stolen from its databases even without any type of hacking of their system. By not properly vetting request for new accounts and request for information led to the theft of over a hundred thousand records of people’s personal information. ChoicePoint Data Breach ChoicePoint, A data broker, suffered a data breach in 2005. This breach led to the disclosure of thousands of people’s personal information. We will discuss the type of breach this would fall under, how it occurred, the losses of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C.I.A.), and the types of improvements ChoicePoint could or did undertake to help prevent this from happening again. The ChoicePoint data breach was a type of insider attack that occurred between 2003 and 2005 (Otto, Anton, & Baumer, 2007). According to the textbook, the definition of an insider attack is someone with legitimate access intentionally breaches information (Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2007). This can typically be from an employee or a contractor. But with the ChoicePoint data breach is was actually from â€Å"customers†. The ChoicePoint data breach led to over 145,000 records of personal information being stolen (Polstra, 2005). This was not by any type of hack into ChoicePoint’s systems but by an individual or a group of people who used previously stolen information to create fake businesses that would have a need to preform background checks on people. They used the fake businesses to apply for accounts with ChoicePoint. When ChoicePoint reviewed the application for membership they ran a check on the businesses and did not find any criminal activity on the owners of these fake companies since they were from stolen information and not the criminals themselves. Since no flags were thrown up ChoicePoint authorized the accounts, and these accounts now had access to retrieve information on people. In terms of the losses of confidentiality, integrity, and availability there was really only a loss of confidentiality with a minor loss of integrity. The data breach led to the PII of an estimated 145,000 people to be possibly used by the individuals or groups that took the information for improper use. This use could have been for anything like creating credit accounts, loans, etc. Since ChoicePoint data broker of all types of information on people, this loss of data is basically the person’s entire life story and everything needed to take control of that life. The loss of integrity is minimal since the bogus accounts could not change information on the people; the integrity of that information was intact. But since the people that performed this breach created accounts from previously stolen information, that was used to create fake businesses, the account it self was not reliable. This then could of put every â€Å"real† account at risk of not being able to perform its needed task due to the possibly of all accounts being re reviewed to verify proper reasoning for needing the account. There are multiple things that ChoicePoint can do to improve upon with what happened in 2005. While ChoicePoint will point out that they were a victim of fraud themselves since it was not an actual hack into their systems (Polstra, 2005). They still failed to vet the applications for accounts and not reporting the breach of data until it was made public. Even then, they still failed to notify everyone until they were made to. This type of handling of the situation does not help with consumers trusting the company. Another thing they can do is to require more information on the individual that a company is requesting information on. This way if someone is trying to steal PII on someone they will have to have some of the more important information from the start. This will also make the request look more real and other request that are not stand out that much more. If they better vet the applications for accounts then just simple background checks, it would lead to a lesser chance of people having access when they shouldn’t. In conclusion, the ChoicePoint data breach exposed a serious threat to PII, even when not being hacked or databases being accesses without permission. If anything good could be said about this breach is that it led to the implementing of numerous state laws requiring notification of PII breaches (Payton, 2006). References Otto, P. N., Anton, A. I., & Baumer, D. L. (2007, September/October). The ChoicePoint Dilemma: How Data Brokers Should Handle the Privacy of Personal Information. IEEE Security and Privacy , 15-23. Payton, A. M. (2006). Data security breach: seeking a prescription for adequate remedy. Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Information security curriculum development (pp. 162-167). New York: ACM. Pfleeger, C. P., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2007). Security in Computing. Indianapolis: Prentice Hall. Polstra, R. M. (2005). A case study on how to manage the theft of information. Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Information security curriculum development (pp. 135-138). New York: ACM.

Appeal to Aesthetics in Death in Venice Essay -- Literary Analysis

The first and most obvious instance of aestheticism and decadence as correlating themes in this story is the title, Death in Venice. By fore-grounding the name of the city in the title, Mann is highlighting the city's key role in the unfolding narrative. Mann aligns the word 'Venice' with the word 'death' in the title. This creates a relationship between these two words - the word 'death' strongly infuses the word 'Venice' with all its connotations. Death and decay are important ideas within the context of decadence. By shear nature the title relates the concepts of death and dying to the city of Venice, which implies that the location is where a death will occur. However, this is paralleled by the opening of the story when Mann drearily tells of Aschenbach’s stroll through Munich. In the reading of this passage it nternally decadent through his indulgence in Tadzio’s appearance. He then changes his appearance to please his idol which in turn corrupts himself by tur ning him into the type of decadent man he once despised. These themes of aestheticism and decadence, not in juxtaposition but in duality, are used frequently by Mann throughout the novella. Works Cited Mann, Thomas, and Clayton Koelb. Death in Venice: a new translation, backgrounds and contexts, criticism. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994. Print. Ritters, Naoimi, and .Jeffrey B. Berlin. "the Tradition of European Decadence." Approaches to teaching Mann's Death in Venice and other short fiction. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1992. 86-92. Print. Shookman, Ellis, and Rene-Pierre Collins. Thomas Mann's Death in Venice: a novella and its critics. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2003. Print.

MW Petroleum Corporation (A) finance case Study

MW Petroleum Corporation (A) finance - Case Study Example Apache on the other hand is seeking to grow. This is a good opportunity for the company to do so. This transaction would be beneficial to Apache the portion of MW Petroleum that Apache is considering is located in the same general area where the company currently operates and so consolidation will further reduce costs. This should allow for increased economies of scale in the form of reduced direct operating costs and even more so overhead costs for Apache. It is cheaper for Apache to buy an existing business as it has been doing rather than carry out exploratory drilling. This acquisition will also allow the company to diversify geographically its portfolio of assets which is important when the riskiness of the operations is considered. This diversification will somewhat help to stabilize Apache’s earnings even though both gas and oil prices are highly volatile. The acquisition of Amoco will also enhance Apache’s standing among US independents and lead to even further acquisition opportunities. The company is considering further growth opportunities in the future and this represents a stepping stone that will allow Apache some amount of bargaining power and would therefore put the company in a better position to compete with other companies. It is reasonable to expect that the MV properties are more valuable to Apache than to Amoco because Apache will benefit from synergies and rationalization of expenses. Table 2 below shows the present value of the aggregate overheads that Apache could reduce substantially if the acquisition takes place. Amoco would be better off if it had cash in hand which the company could invest in more profitable ventures. Currently, the properties are not contributing substantially if any at all to the company’s overheads. Part 1 (b) The sources of value that most plausibly account for the difference between buyer and seller are: The exclusion of fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico; Expected synergies; Other opportunities mentioned; and The beta value that was used. Exclusion of Fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico Apache was only interested in fields containing approximately 78% of MW’s proved developed reserves and 75% of the Proved undeveloped reserves. These account f or approximately $120 million of the difference. No details were given of the percentage of the probable and possible reserves that would be included in the fields in Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico. However, these could be substantial. Assuming that these fields are in the same proportion as the proved undeveloped reserves then the total value would be approximately $906 million. This is 294 million less then the $1.2 billion that Amoco indicated that the properties were worth. See APV Calculations in the Appendix. Table 1 Reserves Total (MMBOE) Proportion included in Purchase Value included in APV Total Value Proved Developed Reserves 155.2 78.22% 121.4 247,750,571.44 316,728,901.87                   Proved Undeveloped Reserves 25.6 75% 19.2 151,257,604.86 201,676,806.48 Sub Total          399,008,176.30 518,405,708.35                   Probable Reserves    75%    145,575,867.21 194,101,156.28                   Possible Reserves    7 5%    145,125,191.13 193,500,254.84                   Total          689,709,234.64 906,007,119.47 Synergies The synergies can be quantified as some overheads would be much reduced as well as some direct operating costs. The table below shows the present value of the projected aggregate overhead expenses. Apache is expected to save a substantial portion of this approximately $201 million. Table 2 Year Aggregate Overheads PV Factor (13%) PV Cash Flow 1 36.6 0.885 32.39 2 38.7

Global Supply Chain Managment (A critical analysis of a retail Essay

Global Supply Chain Managment (A critical analysis of a retail businesses supply chains and their ability to weather the current economic climate) - Essay Example The company is also one of the largest exporters and has its branches in various parts in other countries where it has expanded its business successfully. The various products that the company have are like Lux, Wheel, Rin, Surf excel, Kwality Wall’s for ice cream section etc. and many more brands in the category of tea, coffee, soaps, personal care products, ice cream. To have such a good and wide network the company has a good supply chain management system. In this report the supply chain network of the company and its importance in the business process of the company is been seen using various theories and concepts of supply chain management. The effective use of supply chain and the process for implementation of efficient supply chain is been analysed in this essay. For such a huge company like Hindustan Unilever it needs to have an effective supply chain management and have a good control over the supply chain network. The company has a good supply chain network and different for villages and different for the urban cities. There are few issues related to the supply chain network of the company which can affect the company and also is affecting the company in a huge way. With the growing competition the company needs to have an error free supply chain network so that it can capture most of the market share (James, Rowland-Jones and O’Brien, 2004, pp. 56-64). The issues that are affecting the supply chain network of the company are been listed below. Order’s are not getting fulfilled properly as every retail shop is finding shortage of some or the other particular product in their stores. This unavailability of thee product does affects the company as the customers tend to buy other brand products and HUL looses customers in this way. This also makes the retailer to be less interested in selling other HUL products and he/she prefers

Capitalism is a Force of Progress for Business and Society Essay

Capitalism is a Force of Progress for Business and Society - Essay Example This essay declares that the societies are made up of a few filthy rich people and a majority poor. In relation to business organizations, critics of capitalism associate it with the establishment of powerful and monopolistic organizations which are said to oppress the majority less powerful organizations. Other vices that have been associated to capitalism include imperialism, materialism, unemployment as well as exploitation. This discussion explores that capitalism is defined as a system of economics whereby industries, corporations and means of production are owned and controlled by private entrepreneurs. The main objective of these owners is to make as much profits as they can. Therefore, they invest any available capital and re-invest profits. Goods and services are produced with the major objective of selling them for profits. In addition, the production is based on market economy whereby the forces of demand and supply are the once that dictate the prices of goods and services. Under capitalism, the economy is made up of competitive markets. Capital accumulation is a common feature as well as wage labour. A capitalist society is founded on the principle of individual rights. The economic freedom leads to what is referred to as the free market. No regulation or barriers to activities in the market. Capitalism allows for a competitive market. Industries can freely compete for each other. In a politica l system, capitalism is a system whereby the laissez- faire kind of leadership is exercised. Everyone is at liberty to make their own decision and achieve their own goals in their own way. In a legal system, capitalism refers to a system that is guided by objective laws. It advocates for rule of law rather than the rule of man. Capitalism as a force of progress for business and society At the end of feudal economies, capitalism found its way up the ranks and has since become a dominant phrase in the developed countries as well as some of the developing countries. Though it is may not be easily justifiable whether capitalism has been the force that single handed contributed to the success of the developed countries and business organization, it can be reliably proved that capitalism has had a significant influence to their development. For instance, capitalism allows for free markets where competition is a common feature. Competition gives a motivation for managers of business organi zations to work hard in order to win the battle over their rivals (Fulcher, 2004). The organizations will therefore strive to improve their goods and services so as to satisfy their customers and gain the competitive edge. In the process the business improvement as well as the society development will be realised. Further the free market facilitates economic growth. The prices for good and services are not controlled by any organization or any individual. The forces of demand and supply are responsible for the changes that occur in the products in the market. Suppliers and producers

Preliminary ruling procedure and family reunification rules in the EU Term Paper - 1

Preliminary ruling procedure and family reunification rules in the EU - Term Paper Example The primary purpose of framing policies, rules and regulations is to protect the citizens and safeguard their interests. Countries that host citizens from other countries desire to limit the number of their families coming to the host countries primarily with an objective of safeguarding the interests of the natives. However, every law leaves scope for exemptions based on peculiar circumstances or situations that warrant the relaxation of the law, depending on the merits of specific individual cases. In the instant case, despite the fact that the relevant laws in Caledonia do not permit family reunification with children, the unique circumstances under which Cathy’s case deserve merit need to be considered. It transpires that laws in New Caledonia, which preempts the appellant from the family reunion with her children, focus on the â€Å"preservation of the specificity of certain regions within the Member States† and it becomes a difficult proposition to exercise European citizenship-rights in sub-nations (Kochenov 308). Therefore, many people have started to feel the necessity for the provision of a â€Å"legal assessment of the regional citizenships found in EU Member States† with reference to the laws of the EU (308). The instant case illustrates how the technical snags in legal systems affect individuals and their families, especially when they are ailing and requiring the presence and support of family members. Thus, in the absence of specific laws in New Caledonia to permit Cathy’s reunion with her children, the case needs to be reviewed from the perspective of the aforesaid two directives. Evidence also suggests that the current legal framework pertaining to regional citizenship tends to â€Å"discriminate on the basis of nationality† as can be perceived in the case of Cathy (309). As a consequence, one region prevents a person from citizenship there, while other regions

The role of women performers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The role of women performers - Essay Example In addition, both articles address the way music has undergone transformation through age and artists with Nicky Minaj being the current mc while the likes of missy Eliot in the 1990’s (Article 2). While article 1 discusses the form of music which hulls abuses at women which is the gangster rap since this environment is considered a masculine performance environment; article 2 discusses a form of music where women and their growth in the music industry is highly appreciated. On the other hand, article 1 talks about the topic "Unladylike Divas": Language, Gender, and Female Gangsta Rappers† while article two talks about, â€Å"The return of the Femcee: New female rappers shake up the game† hence, the first article is quite retrogressive while the second article is progressive. It is true and quite clear that women have today cropped into majority of the fields that were previously known to be purely for men such as in the music industry where women today can perform genres of music, which only men performed. Hence, women have experienced progressive growth hence renegotiation of femininity as expressed through their prowess in both gangster rap and hip-hop music (Lengel, Laura and John

Artificial Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Artificial Intelligence - Research Paper Example This study seeks to understand the behaviour in humans and animals, and the hope to reproduce it after extensive analysis. As such, AI has become a significant subject in computer science owing to numerous studies on intelligent behaviour through computer simulation. The simulations are geared towards influencing similar intelligent traits on to agents that perceive their environment and takes appropriate action to ensure success. The discipline is subdivided into various fields depending on their area of study and application of their product. These fields include statistical analysis, psychology, cognition, biology among others. However, the different fields often fail to communicate with each other owing to social, cultural and ethical factors, which limit the success of artificial intelligence. Although AI research does not aim at wholly imitating human intelligence, evidence exists that suggests human intelligence is a key tacit heuristic to AI researchers and strongly affects A I studies (Prudkov, 2010). In this regard, intelligence is described as a set of properties of mind, which include the ability to plan, solve problems and reason out depending on the presented stimuli. The replication of intelligence based on human and animal behaviour produces intelligent agents, which have the capacity to respond to the environment in natural way. For instance, artificial intelligence in machines coupled with algorithms, enables them to solve complex problems in humanistic fashion. In essence, AI seeks to produce useful machines that are guided by human-like intelligence and behavioural traits. The history of artificial intelligence dates back to mid-1950s where researchers wrote programs that allowed computers to solve algebraic expressions, confirming logical theorems as well as speak English. This application AI holds similar characteristics with the methods used to study cognition in experimental psychology. These methods include the measurement of IQ levels, which requires that the thinking, reasoning and learning skills be gauged to establish the level of perceptual skills.AI and psychology disciplines have naturally interacted with each other to borrow concepts while criticising the weaknesses of the other. However, it is important that psychologist and AI researchers work together as cognitive scientists in order to understand the human cognition and its incorporation into intelligent agents. The success of such research has seen the development of advanced and highly effective technological systems with industrial and social application. These technologies have illustrated the potential within AI research by developing sophisticated methods of solving problems through robust diagnostic and planning systems. Artificial intelligence is housed in sophisticated hardware systems that have evolved over time based on technological advances. Historically, the hardware system was based on vacuum tubes as established with the production of th e first generation computers. Over the years, technological advance have seen the vacuum tubes replaced by microchips to build smaller and faster hardware components for artificial intelligence. The hardware is controlled be a set of instruction in the form of software and applications, which perform designated tasks and yield results. The interaction between the hardware and software

The movie battle in seattle compared to realbattleinseattle.org Essay

The movie battle in seattle compared to realbattleinseattle.org - Essay Example For example, the movie illustrates the world trade organization WTO protest as acts of hooliganism where protesters looted and burned shops. This was not the actual case. Were it not for the brutal force that met the protest by the Seattle police initially, the organizers of the protest after the world trade organization (WTO) conference had planned for a peaceful demonstration insisting that no violence was to be used, (Reitan 89). The Hollywood version of the protest after the world trade organization (WTO) conference is very biased. The Film describes the film illustrates the Events that took place in the city of Seattle in 20th February 1999. It blames the protesters for the outcome of the violence whereas the source of the violence during the protest was police brutality. The film also depicts that the cause of the protest was political while the actual truth is that the protest was protesting against corporate globalization, (WTO people’s history). Corporate Globalizatio n When bureaucratic corporations dominate the economy in hierarchically, it is considered corporate globalization. This is where big corporations and business establishments take control of decisions that affect the economy as a group. They do this to ensure that business keeps flowing on their side hence making very huge profits. The protest that happened in Seattle on November 30th 1999 aimed at fighting this control that big corporations and business institutions have on matters that affect the economy (Chapman 33). There have been other protests such as the protest after the world trade organization (WTO) conference that protests this control of the economy by bureaucratic corporations. Such protests include, Greek protests of May 2010, Global May Day protests in 2006, June 26, 2003 Thessalonika Clashes in Greece, during EU Summit, in 2001 in Quebec City in Canada, during FTAA, in Los Angeles, USA August 11, 2000 Clashes, at the Democratic National Convention and worldwide Carni val against Capitalism in 1999 (Chapman 45). All theses protests were held to demonstrate against the evil of corporate globalization, which is also referred to as corporate capitalism, (Chapman 45). One of the agendas of these protests it spread awareness on the effects that corporate globalization have on the world. These protests have helped a lot because after each protest people know what is happening in the economy of the world because they are received with a lot of press and publicity. These protests have been effective since policies that affect the world’s economy are being determined differently. This means that governments do their own research in order to assist them in making good economic decisions rather than relying on what huge corporations and business organizations advice on. Another effect that these protests have had is that decisions about the economy are not left to countries that dominate the world economy such as the United States of America (USA). N owadays, almost all countries are consulted when it comes to make such decisions. In my opinion, decisions about the world economies should not be left to big corporations and business institutions. However, countries that experience the best economies in the world should be given a lot of attention when it comes to theses decisions. This is because theses countries have advanced their economies to high levels hence, countries with weak economies can learn a lot from them. However, these countries

National Health Care Spending Essay Example for Free

National Health Care Spending Essay Introduction Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Accordingly, the US Census Bureau (2010) reported that health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. While sixty-two percent of hospitals are non-profit, 20% are government owned, and 18% are for-profit. Furthermore, 60–65% of healthcare provision and spending comes from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration. Most of the population under 67 is either insured by themselves or a family members employer, buy health insurance on their own, and the remainder are uninsured. Health insurance for public sector employees is primarily provided by the government. Still, the United States has a life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, and is ranked 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized countries, down from 20th in 1990. Of 17 high-income countries studied by the National Institutes of Health in 2013, the United States had the highest or near-highest prevalence of infant mortality, heart and lung disease, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancies, injuries, homicides, and disability. Together, such issues place the U.S. at the bottom of the list for life expectancy. On average, a U.S. male can be expected to live almost four fewer years than those in the top-ranked country (NIH, 2013). Thesis Statement As dismal as the statistics are, in recent years, policy makers as well as leading economists have focused a considerable amount of attention on  aggregate spending increases in health care and how health care spending impacts the United States economy. Thereby, specific emphasis has been given to identifying and examining distinctive factors that have contributed to spending growth, and proposing solutions for reduction. Seemingly, factors that have contributed to spending growth encompass changes in health care utilization, population demographics, price inflation, and advances in medical technology. Thus, as more and more advanced scientific technology is developed the costs associated with providing quality health care increases. With that said, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($8,608), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.2%), than any other nation in 2011. Yet, the United States ranked last in the quality of health care among similar countries, and notes United States care costs the most. Similarly, in a 2013 Bloomberg ranking of nations with the most efficient health care systems, the United States ranks 46th among the 48 countries included in the study. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 49.9 million residents, 16.3% of the population, were uninsured in 2010 (up from 49.0 million residents, 16.1% of the population, in 2009). In addition, a 2004 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report said: The United States is among the few industrialized nations in the world that does not guarantee access to health care for its population.† Further, with the exception of Mexico, Turkey, and the United States, all of the other countries had achieved universal or near-universal (at least 98.4% insured) coverage of their populations by 1990; and recent evidence demonstrates that lack of health insurance causes some 45,000 to 48,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the United States. In 2007, 62.1% of filers for bankruptcies claimed high medical expenses, and 25% of all senior citizens declare bankruptcy due to medical expenses, and 43% are forced to mortgage or sell their primary residence. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) became law, providing for major changes in health insurance. The medical system has been forced to change normal procedures to meet federal regulations. The law includes a large number of health-related provisions  to take effect over the next four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133% of FPL, subsidizing insurance premiums for peoples making up to 400% of FPL ($88,000 for family of 4) so their maximum out-of-pocket pay will be from 2% to 9.8% of income for annual premium, providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting insurers from establishing annual spending caps and support for medical research. The costs of these provisions are offset by a variety of taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for high-income brackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies; there is also a tax penalty for citizens who do not obtain health insurance (unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons). The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the net effect (including the reconciliation act) will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade. Conclusion In conclusion, in contrast to the argument that rising health care spending at the Federal and State level decreases economic growth, and employee health care costs decreases job growth, a reasonable argument, could also be made that rising health care spending has important benefits, often outweighing the increased costs. I submit that improvements in quality may produce a cause and effect whereby, the cost of medical care is decreased. Subsequently, increased health care spending improves increases in access to new technologies, providing both new options of treatment and treatment for a greater number of individuals; which provides for healthier employees. Moreover, health care spending growth is more likely to create health care jobs, increases wages for health care workers, expands local tax revenues, and increases demand for related goods and services. We, as Americans, profess to be the richest, strongest, and greatest country, yet we stand by and watch homeless citizens sleeping on the streets, children going to bed at night hungry, and citizens dying because they lack health insurance. The Affordable Care Act is a good start, however we must keep legislators who oppose the bill from chipping away at it. Health care should be a human  right, not a privilege. For example, in May 2011, the state of Vermont became the first state to pass legislation establishing a Single-Payer health care system. The legislation, known as Act 48, establishes health care in the state as a human right and lays the responsibility on the state to provide a health care system which best meets the needs of the citizens of Vermont. The state is currently in the studying phase of how best to implement this system. Of the 26.2 million foreign immigrants living in the US in 1998, 62.9% were non-U.S. citizens. In 1997, 34.3% of non-U.S. citizens living in America did not have health insurance coverage as opposed to the 14.2% of native-born Americans who do not have health insurance coverage. Among those immigrants who became citizens, 18.5% were uninsured, as opposed to noncitizens, who are 43.6% uninsured. In each age and income group, immigrants are less likely to have health insurance. With the recent healthcare changes, many legal immigrants with various immigration statuses now are able to qualify for affordable health insurance. We need to push for more. The cost for individuals that use emergency rooms as port of entry to medical care far exceeds obtaining a primary care provider. References Institute of Medicine (2004). Retrieved from http://.www.institutesofmedicine, May 09, 2014. National Institute of Health (2013). Retrieved from http://.www.nationalinstituteofhealth, May 10, 2014. U. S. Census Bureau (2010). Retrieved from http://.www.uscensusbureau, May 10, 2014. World Health Organization (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.worldhealthorganization, May 10, 2014. www.healthcare.gov (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.healthcare.gov. May 10, 2014

The Communication Process Essay Example for Free

The Communication Process Essay Communication is a critical action that is done in a variety of ways across different cultures and settings. It is done at school, work, home and the grocery store. It can be done face-to-face or through technology with one person or multiple people. However, communication can be a challenging concept; have you ever left a conversation knowing that you forgot to mention a particular detail? Following the steps outlined below will lead you to a better communication process. Identifying Needs and Purpose The first step to the communication process is to identify the needs and purpose of the conversation. You can do this by considering a few questions like, â€Å"What is it that I need to accomplish in this conversation?† or â€Å"Why am I having this conversation?† Just taking time to assess your intent and direction will automatically help in identifying different approaches and ideas for communicating and managing effective conversations (University of Phoenix, 2012). Establishing Key Points After an initial brainstorming session to organize thoughts and ideas, the next step in the process is determining key points. In this part of the communications process, it is helpful to write down all the ideas from step one in order to figure out which are the most important and relevant to your audience. Once about all the necessary points have been identified, these should be compiled into a list in order of importance. This will aid in the flow of the overall communication and create a more organized and professional position (University of Phoenix, 2012). Audience Analysis Following the process of identifying key points comes the time to analyze the audience. At this point, it is critical to think about whom your audience is and what its needs and preferences are, as a group. It is beneficial to consider if you will be addressing work strangers, colleagues, family, friends and how these groups prefer to receive communication. It is important during this process to decide if the people you are talking to are all part of a particular demographic, or if there are diverse ages and other  factors. An effective communication strategy will be able to address the audience based on their specific preferences and interests. To accomplish this, it is wise to cater your delivery of messages to things that relate to your audience members. This will help hold their attention and get everyone to listen without losing interest in the conversation (University of Phoenix, 2012). Choosing Communication Channels The next step in the process after a thorough audience analysis is to figure out the communication channel that is most appropriate for the audience. This is the perfect step to precede step three, because after you figure out who you are talking to, you are going to need to figure out how to address them. For example, if children are in the audience, a good way to engage them is to make your message exciting or story-like. On the other side of the spectrum, if there are young adults in the audience, using vivid images and colors will help gain their attention. Younger business people may like to communicate by email, where older business people may prefer to interact by phone or in person. Some groups may prefer consistent, weekly communication when others only want to hear from you once in a while. These individual preferences can tell you which is the best channel, whether it is a newsletter, in-person presentation or phone call (University of Phoenix, 2012). Time to Deliver Step five is applied when it is time to edit, review and deliver your message. This is the time where it is critical to pay attention to detail and ensure the quality of your work. Begin by reviewing all of your notes; make sure everything is in order and worded a way your audience will understand. If you have chosen to deliver a speech, practice a few times to get rid of some nerves. Then go out there and deliver what it is you are communicating with confidence (University of Phoenix, 2012). Validate Reception While you are delivering your message, think about what you are saying and watch what your audience is doing. This feedback will let you know if you are connecting with the group and what their reactions are. Consider the following: * Are they paying attention to you? * Are people taking notes? * How is the listener sitting? * Is there any eye contact between you and the audience? * Do you have a bouncing leg while you are sitting? Not paying attention to these important cues could misdirect a conversation and lead to missing a key point that you are trying to convey (University of Phoenix, 2012). Receive Response Receiving your response is near the end of the communication process. This is a great opportunity to learn from yourself and from others. You can learn from yourself by understanding what you did right and wrong, based on audience feedback and responses. This could be determined by the confidence you had or the body language you presented. Understanding what your audience felt about your communication is an essential part of communicating. It is not a bad idea to ask for feedback because it could lead to finding out that the presentation was particularly relevant or irrelevant for a certain field or demographic. Appropriately receiving responses helps you to grow as a communicator and learn new ways to communicate, contributing to future success (University of Phoenix, 2012). Feedback and Follow Up The final step to complete the communication process is to seek feedback and follow-up. During this step, a communicator will determine if more communication is necessary and when. This step allows a communicator to understand if messages were seen as clear with all of your key points for the audience to understand them. If you receive a great deal of questions after you communicate, it is a good indication that you will need additional communication to provide more information. If you do not receive questions, you can also opt to use a survey or ask follow up questions to understand how the process went. Getting feedback and following-up on the things you conversed about shows that you care and are connected with your audience (University of Phoenix, 2012). Listening and Responding One thing that you want to do as well as follow the steps is to learn to  listen and respond. Listening is a very important part of the communication process. It is a way to show the person communicating with you that you are engaged in the conversation. Become an active listener by creating an interest in the speaker and the message that is being communicated. Also, learn to be focused. People sometimes look like they are listening but sometimes they may be thinking of something completely different than what is actually being discussed. When asked a question what do people do? They respond to it. After listening to a question people think about how they are going to respond. Sometimes people answer fast but other times people may need some time to react and think about what to say. There are a few ways that you are able to answer these questions. One is to evaluate the question by judging it or advising it. This way really only works well if you are asked for advice and if the person listening does not like it they will rebuttal it. An interpretation response would be handy if you are to be explaining something such as why somebody could do a particular thing. Supporting a person that makes the statement is a good way to show support and reassurance. If you are unsure of all the details in a conversation the questioning method will prove useful because it can clarify the meaning and details of the conversation. Lastly, paraphrasing, by paraphrasing a conversation you are showing that you understand what you have been told and are interested in finding the root solution. (Cheesebro, OConnor, Rios, 2010) Conclusion The eight steps in this communication process are a complete approach to communicating successfully. Understanding and applying these steps is a great way to advance in business and in personal relations. Once you are more comfortable with how the communication process works, you should have also learned about how to listen and respond during appropriately. Successful communication will come in handy for every job that you have. If you follow the steps and listen to feedback, you will be able to learn from all your experiences and grow as a communications professional. Regardless of where and when you communicate, this process will be a helpful guide and valuable resource. References Cheesebro, T., OConnor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the Workplace . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.. University of Phoenix. (2012). Communication Process. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BCOM275 website.

Separatism and Conflict in Catalonia

ï » ¿Separatism and Conflict in Catalonia Abstract The following research paper focuses on Catalonia’s desire for Independence. The study was carried out on a week-long field school in Barcelona, Northern Spain. Throughout this study, the history, culture and politics and the evolved landscape of the city was analysed. These aspects were analysed to enable us to get a vivid understanding of the conflict that has taken place in Catalonia throughout its struggle for independence. Through this analysis three main themes surfaced, these were memory, difference and separatism. The main aim of the research carried out through surveys was to answer the following question: â€Å"Will Catalonia resort to violence to achieve independence?† A mixed methods approach was used in order to get answers from participants, it was a suitable method because high quality information and opinions were established. Introduction: The history of Catalan separatism is complex. Giner (1984) has stated that â€Å"Modern Catalonia is the outcome of the unification of numerous great and intricate sets of long-term historical phenomena†. Catalonia is a member of Spain’s self-governing societies in the Northeast of the country whose history is somewhat separate from that of Spain, in that large fragments of Spain were historically ruled by the crown of Castile, authoritatively speaking barbaric Spanish, and Catalan was part of the crown of Aragon, officially speaking old Catalan. Catalonia is an area which is rich in separatism, an area which is longing for its own independence from Spain. The following paragraphs will analyse and discuss the separatism that exists in Catalonia in Barcelona.   To describe separatism, one would say that it is the promotion or practice of separation of a particular assembly of people from a superior body because of factors like ethnicity, religion, or gender.   Separatism is continuously occurring throughout Europe. A prime example of a separatist area is the region of Catalonia within Barcelona. Catalonia, who is proud of its own identity and language, is one of Spain’s wealthiest and most industrialised regions, and also one of the most independent-minded. However, since 1714, Catalonia has struggled to maintain its own culture, language and territory (Mantlethought.org, 2017). There are three key events that have led to the emergence of Catalan separatism, the 1705 War of the Spanish Succession, Catalonia’s support for rival claimant to the Spanish throne, and Franco’s Dictatorship. Archduke Charles of Austria of the House of Habsburg, against King Philp V from the House of Bourbon, resulted in the suppression of its parliament and traditional liberties upon the latter’s victory (BBC News, 2017). In the 19th century there was somewhat a revival in Catalonia. At this point in its history, Catalonia was the leader of industrialisation within Spain and had experienced a cultural revitalisation, here commenced a movement to revive Catalan culture and language, which resulted in the rise of Catalan nationalism. After the formation of a political union with the Aragon regions in 1137, Catalonia arose and seized extensive economic and political control through the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Then, in 1479 came the replacement of a single monarchy after the unification of Aragon and Castille.   These houses then amalgamated in the late fifteenth century, a period that also marked the deterioration of the old Catalan language. Succeeding eighteenth-century political manoeuvrings in Castile caused the Spanish War of Succession in which the regions in Catalonia were in support of the Austrian contender for the crown. Catalonia merged into Spain which resulted in the inhibition of its language and governance. This then lead to the appearance of Catalonian nationalism towards the end of the nineteenth century as numerous cultural movements began to insist more recognition (Breen et al., 2016). The Commonwealth of Catalonia was first established in April 1914, and devoted a large amount of finance to infrastructure, cultural and scientific institutions. It was then solidified in 1925. A fraction of independence was granted during second Spanish Republic, 1931-1938 (Breen et al., 2016). In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and Franco’s progression of power, the Catalan language, political organizations and cultural codes including its anthem and flag were further suppressed. In November 1971, a large number of cultural and political leftist protestors gathered together and established the Assembly of Catalonia, encouraging the restoration of independence and recognition of Catalan culture and identity (Breen et al., 2016). Research Context It has been said that separatism is primarily associated with nationalism and nationalist ideologies. A nation is an assembly of people who have the belief that they are comprised of a ‘single people’ on the basis of a cultural or historical criteria, such as a shared language (Flint, 2017). Members of a nation share common ideas about their origins and hope for a common destiny. They possess common national symbols including customs, language and religion, and oftentimes are unaware of the fact that their country’s narrative may be built on myths.   They are often committed to a certain territory over which they attempt to gain authority, or even the capacity to deal with their own country’s matters. Nationalism therefore, is the theory that each nation has the right to a state, thus having the right to govern a portion of territory. The geopolitics of nationalism has resulted in millions of deaths as people fought to create a state for their nation and defend their states in the name of national defence, against genuine and alleged threats. Separatism, secession, irredentism, self-determination, independence, sub-state nationalism are many of the words that are used interchangeably to describe the conflicts that exist between states and would be sub-state. This sort of conflict is nothing original even with the arrival of globalisation, transnationalism and the influence of multinational associations. Separatist schemas continue to be a powerful political force and a challenge to present-day global borders. Though separatism in Catalonia is new, nationalism is not. Tensions between Spain and Catalonia have been notoriously strained since Catalonia came under Spanish rule in 1714 during the War of Spanish Succession. In the 19th century, the nationalist movement developed and demanded greater independence for Catalonia. The movement later dealt with the problems Catalonia faced throughout the 19th and 20th centuries including the dictatorships of Miquel Primo de Rivera and Francisco Franco. Franco’s dictatorship had a major impact on Catalonia, with their culture and language being suppressed, because of the practice of the Catalan language and expression of Catalan culture being prohibited. The people of Catalonia struggled to possess their own identity separate from Spain during this time. After the death of Franco in 1975, the nationalist movement began moving in a different direction. As the first decade of the 21st century came to a close, the movement developed further as nationalists began demanding independence. Tensions remain between Spain and Catalonia in relation to the use of their own separate language and carrying on with their own culture. Many separatist movements follow a mostly diplomatic direction that focuses on the practice of culture and tradition to activate support and drive onward with their own plans (Breen et al., 2016).   It is difficult to tell if Catalonia will take a violent route in order to reach independence, however it was evident in our surveys that the people of Barcelona do not think that their country will. Separatism has always remained a fundamental part of the character of Europe. It is continuously argued that separatist movements are rising in many European states, reinvigorated by a backdrop of economic crisis and political uncertainty (Bieri, 2014). A quantity of these separatist movements are linked with violent campaigns for independence (e.g. the Basque Region, Corsica) while others including Scotland and Catalonia have followed a mainly peaceful route that has concentrated on the use of culture and heritage to mobilise support and drive forward separatist agendas (Breen et al,. 2016). There are thought to be around 45 active separatist movements across 30 countries with their political aspirations and methodologies all being very diverse. An integrated European Union was at one point according to Liable touted as some kind of ‘magical elixir’ which could quieten the demands of separatist organisations and curb unrest among national minorities. Perhaps separatism is a resurgent force across Europe, separatism according to Bieri has been reinvigorated in part by an all-encompassing impact of the economic crisis and pervasive political uncertainty throughout the EU. It has been said that separatist movements either pursue independence within their central states or to form independent states. Separatist movements are protruding within the European Union, which is now estimated to have over 40 separatist parties (EFA, 2014). The most noteworthy of these movements include Scotland in the United Kingdom, Catalonia and the Basque Country in Spain, and Flanders in Belgium (Bieri, 2014). Separatism in the European Union appears contradictory at first, the European Union is frequently looked upon as a â€Å"post-sovereign† system and perhaps a model for globalization (Mathews, 1997).   The European Union resulted from the economic and institutional integration of European states in the decades following World War II (Jones, 2012). While the European Union isn’t a state itself, it is capable of intervening the national laws and policymaking decisions of its member states (Krasner, 2009). Under the European Union, Europe’s economy has assimilated into a single market under one currency, the Euro. Despite being so highly integrated, separatist movements are not only emerging but have the potential to destabilize the European Union (Dayton, R. 2015)   Bieri has stated that separatism has been revived in part by the all-inclusive influence of the economic crisis and prevalent political ambiguity throughout the EU. Other than Catalan separatism, another sovereignty well known for their desire for independence, is Scotland. Scotland ceased to be an independent state in the early 1700s. Unique heritage, culture and civil society was not diluted by the union with England, and this is something the people of Scotland passionately wanted. Scottish nationalism as a political force did not intensify until the 1960s, with the Scottish Nationalist Party winning a by-election. The discovery of oil in the North Sea inspired nationalists to think more aggressively about separatism. Debates about devolution gained momentum during the 1990s and under a labour government the Scottish parliament was formed in 1999. 2007 elections saw the SNP make significant gains at Labour’s expense and Salmond became the First Minister. Further electoral success in 2011 led to calls for a referendum and in 2012 it was announced that a referendum would be held in 2014. This was purposely set to coincide with the 700th anniversary of the victory of Scottish forces over English invaders at the battle of Bannockburn. The result of the Scottish referendum returned a marginal victory for the No campaign. However, the advent of Brexit has once again instigated a push for independence. Catalonia, in their fight towards independence, has developed various issues over the years. These include Language, Culture and Self -governance. Tensions over language in Catalonia, particularly from an educational perspective, persevere and in recent years have been intensified. At the same time the political struggle between the Catalan and the Spanish central governments has also increased. Woolard and Frekko (2013) have pointed out that the present debates resemble those of past decades, and thus one could have the notion that nothing has changed in the sociolinguistic makeup of Catalonia (Soler-Carbonell, Gallego-Balsà   and Corona, 2016). Democratic consolidation resulted in a renewed state nationalism that saw in the last wave of territorial reforms the culmination of the autonomic model set up in 1978, and the current context of economic crisis has reinforced the debate on the necessity of introducing recentralization policies for economic and efficiency reasons (Keating, 2009).   Thus, after 30 years of democracy and devolution the question of self-governance and self-determination remains at the centre of the political debate in Catalonia and Spain. Thus, it is clear that much of the separatism that now exists in Catalonia has stemmed from historical grievances centred around cultural and linguistic identities. Part B Methodology: In the formation of this report, a mixed methods approach was used which involved both quantitative and qualitative surveys being carried out. This proved to be both a successful but challenging approach. One of the main challenges being language barriers. Although the participants were passionate about their views, it was difficult to get sufficient information from them as they had limited English. A number of people refused to respond as they didn’t understand what was being asked of them. The interviews were carried out over a number of different areas scattered across the city of Barcelona. Culture within Barcelona The museums of Barcelona are perhaps the best way to explore and get a better understanding of Barcelona’s Culture. Museums became symbols of the shared social memory establishing the ‘imagined community’ a space where the nation could present itself, to itself and to others (Anderson, 1983).     El Born Cultural Centre is a prime example of this. The Born Centre Cultural is now a Cultural Centre that is in â€Å"El Born†. El Born is a quarter that was part of the old Barcelona when the city was inside the walls, it is now a significant place to visit for its historical burden. Where we find nowadays the Born Centre Cultural, it was an old market of iron built in the 19th Century. Some years ago, it was originally planned to build a new library for the city of Barcelona, and when they started constructing, a tercentenary ruins were found inside that floor. These were the ruins of the houses and streets of the people who lived during 1700, the century that lived the Spanish invasion which made Catalonia to be part of Spain until nowadays where there is a longing for independence from Catalans. El born is categorised as a public space which aims to attract multiple audiences into a conversation about Catalonia’s past, present and future. For an example, the centre employs a trilingual style to its exhibits and artefacts with signposting in Catalan, Spanish and English, with guide books available in French, German and Dutch. The political utilisation of external visitors is arguably just as important as the mobilisation of the city’s residents (Breen et al., 2016) The cultural and emotive meaning that the people gave to this ruins must be remarked. In Catalonia, the following proverb exists: â€Å"Roda al mà ³n I torna al born† which means â€Å"Visit the world and come back home†. Ironically, the word â€Å"born† means â€Å"home† to them. This sentence, in fact is the one that is being used for the campaign about the Born Cultural Centre in order to capture the connection between the past, present and future that exists in this space. When visiting the site we were able to imagine the daily life of Spanish ascendants and, in most cases, how they earned a living. El Born Cultural Centre, taken on Tuesday, 28th March, 2017) Interior of the El Born Cultural Centre. This represents the layout of the houses in Barcelona during the 1700’s. During the visit to the El Born Cultural Centre, we carried out a survey investigating various aspects of this very important cultural museum. The interviewees appeared to be very passionate about the centre, saying that it attracts hundreds of visitors on a daily basis, some of them being the people of Barcelona themselves. When asked what the role of the cultural institution was, one interviewee replied that it was â€Å"to preserve the history of the succession war†. She went on to say that â€Å"it is a real-life representation of what life was like during this time, how difficult it was during the war, it shows how small our living space was and how little we had†. When asked whether heritage plays a role in the Catalan separatist movement, she replied â€Å"Yes, it is the reason why there was a war†. Landscape within Barcelona: Landscape is the outcome of a collective revolution of nature. It is the cultural translation of a society on a particular portion of nature, and this translation is not only material, but also spiritual, ideological and symbolic. In this sense, landscape acts as a hub of meaning and symbolism, and produces a sense of belonging and a territorial identity that is predominantly strong in some nations (Noguà © and Vincente,2004).   Landscape has been described as a concept that is hugely saturated with cultural and, above all, ideological implications (Peet, 1996). The landscape can be understood as a dynamic code of symbols that speak of the culture of the past, present and maybe also the future. The semiotic legibility of a landscape or the ease with which its symbols can be decoded, can be complex to a greater or lesser degree, but is always linked to the culture that produces the symbols (Noguà © and Vicente, 2004). The architecture of Barcelona has clearly evolved parallel with Catalan architecture. Within Catalonia both physical and concrete cultural heritages have been used repeatedly in the past to justify and promote a culturally distinct peoples and region (Mellon, 2008). The majority of this has taken place against the background of Catalonia’s intervention of its place within Spain and as an aspirant autonomous region. Espelt and Benito (2005) have argued that this process of heritage development emerged during a period of ‘national and cultural reawakening’ in the late nineteenth century, for example, the glamorized physical and visual appearance of Girona was successfully created. A similar process of reconstruction or re-edification took place in Barcelona. The landscape has changed dramatically over a period of time due to urban reconstruction and autocratic regimes. Catalans aim was to have a different landscape to that of Spain’s and therefore modernization occurred. Modernization is linked closely with urban aesthetics and beautification. Each leader set off to celebrate by political order by means of the building of urban and architectural settings with regards to embodying the ideology on which a new era is based and to commemorate the political achievements and purposes of his autocratic regime (Cavalcanti, 1997). The urban characteristics that exist in the city along with its tourist appeal are not purely the result of the Modernist period or a recent dramatic transformation. In fact they are the result of an extensive and riotous historic evolution. The following are the most note-worthy landscapes within Barcelona. Each uphold a remarkable and significant history, and through decoding the landscape, visitors at these sites are able to find out more about the history of the area. Parc de la Ciutadella Perhaps the most beautiful landscape of Barcelona can be found in Parc de la Ciutadella. After a seize which lasted thirteen months, Barcelona fell to the army of King Philips V throughout the war of the Spanish Succession. In order to keep secure control over the city of Barcelona, the Bourbon king built the biggest fortress in Europe, a star-shaped citadel or ‘Ciutadella’. An enormous part of the Ribera region was destroyed in order to make room for this fortress. The neighbourhood was rebuilt thirty years later at another location as ‘Barceloneta’ (authorSTREAM, 2017). Barceloneta:   A distance from the inner city lies Barceloneta. This is deceptively called the Fishermen’s Quarter, an area which was in fact born as a result of a political, military decision. It was in this area that the inhabitants of La Ribera were repositioned when their own homes were destroyed to make way for the building of Felipe V’s fortress La Ciutadella. The four cubes represent the size of homes around this shanty area. This mark of remembrance is a significant example of Barcelona preserving its history for the future generations. This residential area is now a very attractive mix of traditional and modern; washing can be seen hanging along narrow balconies, while bars and restaurants have developed the night life (Insightguides.com, 2017). The Eternal Flame Another important example of Barcelona preserving their history is the Eternal Flame. Located on Fossar de les Moreres, it burns to commemorate those that died during the War of the Spanish Succession 1713-1714. It is a place that marks abundant symbolic importance where the mass of history takes centre stage. This monument stands as a reminder. It is of great meaning to the Catalans themselves. In the year 1989, it was the architect Carme Fiol who revealed the victims’ burial site by destroying the buildings that had stood there, and covered the whole ground with ‘brick as red as the blood that had been spilt’. This is another prime example of the Catalans preserving their history for the future. Monumentalisation The most earliest monumentalisation of Barcelona in the introductory decades of the twentieth century can be seen as a method designed to relocate the city as the capital of the region. The succeeding Modernista buildings of Domenech, Puig and Gaudi demonstrated the uniquely Catalan architectural expressions of identity and aspiration. These extremely glamorized nineteenth and early twentieth century discourses are now being displaced by more pragmatic agenda-led narratives that are being used to justify and promote territorial conflicts where landscape and built heritage are presented as ideological cornerstone (Breen et al., 2016). La Sagrada Familia has been described by Hughes as Barcelona’s Eiffel Tower. It is of extreme importance to the people of Barcelona. Despite the re-imaging of the city, it still is the emblem of Barcelona. Gaudi’s work, including the Sagrada Familia   are all particularly resilient Catalan symbols as they were constructed during a period of great significance for Catalonia, during which contemporary Catalan nationalist thought and praxis was founded (Scholars-on-bilbao.info, 2016). Perhaps the most outstanding part of the landscape in Barcelona is the Barcelona Gothic Quarter. The Barcelona Gothic Quarter was re-constructed in the twentieth century. Even though historic monuments, hypothetically, refer back to past eras, in many cases they were produced recently. In Barcelona, feudal buildings were restored in a gothic style, while other historic buildings and facades were moved stone-by-stone into the area and ordinary residential houses were removed and replaced by seemingly historic buildings. As a result, the new Gothic Quarter look as if it is a space which is completely medieval but was actually re-built between 1927 and 1970. This regeneration was meant both as an example of the invention of tradition in the context of Catalan nationalism and as a way to promote the city through remarkable historic monuments (Gant, 2013). Redevelopment in Barcelona: The city of Barcelona is an exceptional case study of many of the key themes of urban development and change. It has a large tertiary sector, its traditional manufacturing industries have been declining, and multinational investment has become increasingly vital. The rapid development of Technical Parks for high-tech industry is a modern feature associated with the growth of what is becoming known as the European ‘sun-rise’ belt, along the Mediterranean coast between Valencia and Northern Italy.   The motivation behind Barcelona’s physical expansion has been the growth of the economy. Remaining factories and workshops in the Poblenou district are being changed into a zone of new technologies (Geographyfieldwork.com, 2017). With some buildings not being in use, they appeared to be covered in graffiti, often expressing the person’s views towards the government.   Political Landscape: Landscape results from the collective transformation of nature. It is the cultural translation of a society on a particular portion of nature, and this translation is not only material, but also spiritual, ideological and symbolic. In this sense, landscape acts as a centre of meaning and symbolism, and creates a sense of belonging and a territorial identity that is particularly strong in some nations.   It was proven from the observations made throughout the field study that landscape, understood as the cultural prognosis of a society on a certain space, develops into a fundamental element in the creation process of a national identity, in our case the Catalan identity, both in its late 19th century origins and in its present- day form (Noguà © and Vicente, 2004). It has been noted that the landscape of Catalonia was to play an important role in the building of Catalan nationalist ideology. At the height of the nationalist Renaixenca, Catalonia was delicate to the new aesthetic and symbolic gratitude to landscape, especially mountainous landscape, which was sweeping the rest of Europe. The mountain therefore, became a key figure among Catalan nationalist symbols, part of the â€Å"essential landscape† (Noguà © and Vincente, 2004). It has to be said that the dominant cultural symbols that are scattered throughout the city of Barcelona are flags. But to the people of Barcelona, these are more than just a flag. These are representation of what they desire – to remain a united country or an independent Barcelona, a representation of whether they want to remain in the present or progress to a future where Barcelona becomes an independent state from Spain. In Catalonia, the burning of a flag is seen as an offence and oftentimes results in imprisonment. Overall, in the city of Barcelona, in terms of single flags displayed, the dominant symbol numerically was the Catalan flag. The Barcelona flag, though numerically second, nevertheless registered a significant presence. A considerable number of balconies displayed both, and the Olympic flag was often added, while a small n umber incorporated the Spanish flag as well. The distribution in the metropolitan area covering the total conurbation of about four and a half million people is more difficult to measure. In both the city and the studied area the nature of displays varied with the character of the district. Where Castillian was the predominant language, that is, in working-class barrios populated mostly by immigrants from the rest of Spain and where socialist sympathies were stronger, Barcelona flags tended to predominate, whereas in the more middle class districts like Gracia, nearer the centre, the flags were overwhelmingly Catalan, with a good proportion of these in this particu lar case being ‘indepencia’ flags. Grievance Diagram: The 7 core grievances that are included in the following diagram are: Government PoliticsEconomic CrisisLanguageCultureIdentityMedia Grievance Core Diagram for Barcelona, it represents the main grievances of the city and it is clear that the most part of these are linked to the divide in political views amongst the people of Barcelona Qualitative Survey The first survey carried out on the field work was a qualitative survey, which aimed to establish what fraction of the population wanted independence and what remaining number did not want independence, and whether or not they thought that their country would resort to violence in order to achieve it. From the surveys carried out, 50.58% said yes and 41.27% said no. The remaining 8.14% were unsure. Social Vulnerability The second survey that was carried out was the social vulnerability survey, it was carried out to find out what parts of the structure of Barcelona are under threat or at risk. This was completed under the following headings: SocialEconomic Environment Governance Future threats The aim of the survey was to establish what parts of Catalonia’s social structure was most at risk. Social Vulnerability Diagram Summary of Findings from the Social Vulnerability Survey: From our analysis of the results from the survey, it was clear that there is a clear difficulty with governance within Catalonia. This can be explained by the struggle of the state to receive legal and financial autonomy. Furthermore, it is clear from the diagram that socially, Barcelona is not at risk. It can be said that in times of crisis, communities come together again as there is an obvious decrease in social cohesion. It is evident from the diagram that politics is the most at risk, so it is essential that steps are taken so as not to increase the vulnerability of the state, and to avoid all potential conflict triggers. The following is a list of potential conflict triggers: Further suppression of identity.A continuance in the unequal distribution of wealth.Negative perceptions displayed through the Media. In terms of lessening social tension in Catalonia, it would be suggested that: The government address their financial issues and perhaps restructure their economy.Encourage the media to become more open minded so as not to create negative perceptions of Catalans.Currently the dialogue used within Catalonia is conflicted, it is suggested that they change this dialogue, aiming it at resolution. To conclude, the main hypothesis of this research was â€Å"Catalonia will not resort to violence to achieve independence†. From the research carried out over the field study in Barcelona, it can certainly be said that they will not resort to violence. From our observations and surveys, it was evident that in the future, Catalonia will experience stability and will no longer experience pressure from the Spanish state over its own affairs. In my opinion, if it strengthens its foreign affairs and strengthens its already growing economic output then it will transform into a strong, viable state, one that does not need to resort to violence to achieve independence. If Catalonia was to build upon its strength as a separate part of Spain, perhaps in the future it will gain the independence it has always been passionate about. Bibliography Anderson, B. (1983) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. authorSTREAM. (2017). A Weekend Walk in Barcelona27, Parc de la Ciutadella1. [online] Available at: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sandamichaela-1936055-walk-barcelona27/ [Accessed 15 July 2017]. Bieri, M.(2014) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.2-3. Bieri. (2014) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. Cavalcanti, M. (1997). Urban reconstruction and autocratic regimes: Ceausescus Bucharest in its historic context. Planning Perspectives, 12(1), pp.71-109. Cosgrove, D. (1989) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Dayton, R. (2015) as cited in Separatism, Globalization and the European Union. Available at:   http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 20017] EFA, (2014). in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1. Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] EFA, (2014). in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Ermengem, K. (2017). Parc de la Ciutadella, Barcelona. [online] A View On Cities. Available at: http://www.aviewoncities.com/barcelona/parcdelaciutadella.htm [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Flint, C. (2017). Introduction to geopolitics. 1st ed. Abingdon: Routledge, pp.96-97. Geographyfieldwork.com. (2017). Barcelona Urban Development and Change. [online] Available at: http://geographyfieldwork.com/BarcelonaUrbanDetail.htm [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Insightguides.com. (2017). Available at: https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/europe/spain/barcelona/city-areas/the-waterfront-and-poblenou?cv=1&session-id=d42c55c9ff8c8272ff33cf080899b2ca [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Jones, B. (2012) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Keating, M. (2009) in Serrano, I. (2017). Just a Matter of Identity? Support for Independence in Catalonia. Krasner, S, D. (2009) Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Mantlethought.org. (2017). The Independence Movement in Catalonia: Is It Worth It?. [online] Available at: http://www.mantlethought.org/other/independence-movement-catalonia-it-worth-it [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Matthews, J, T. (1997) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 Mellon, J. (2008) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. Mc Dowell, L. (1994) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Noguà ©, J. and Vicente, J. (2004). Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Noguà ©, J. and Vicente, J. (2004). Conceptualizing City Image Change: The ‘Re-Imaging’ of Barcelona, pp 398-423 Peet, R. (1996) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Soler-Carbonell, J., Gallego-Balsà  , L. and Corona, V. (2016). Language and education issues in global Catalonia. Questions and debates across scales of time and space. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 29(1), pp.1-5.

Fragments of A Painful Case and Paper Pills -- Painful Case Paper Pill

Fragments of "A Painful Case" and "Paper Pills" Although James Joyce and Sherwood Anderson situate their subjects in very different milieux (Joyce's in Dublin; Anderson's in Winesburg, Ohio), two of their subjects speak the same language of idiosyncrasy. In Joyce's "A Painful Case," Mr. Duffy keeps on his desk "a little sheaf of papers held together by a brass pin. In these sheets a sentence was inscribed from time to time and, in an ironical moment, the headline of an advertisement for Bile Beans had been pasted on to the first sheet" (Joyce 103). In Anderson's "Paper Pills," Dr. Reefy records his thoughts on "scraps of paper that became hard balls and were thrown away" (Anderson 36). These scribbled bits of subjectivity offer insight into the constituions of Anderson's doctor and Joyce's painful case. Living "in Chapelizod because he wished to live as far as possible from the city of which he was a citizen" (Joyce 103), Mr. Duffy provides an example of the unwittingly mechanized individual. Mr. Duffy attempts "to preserve an interior life of introspection against the overwhelming and machine-like activities of city life" (134) but he resembles nothing so much as a well-oiled machine. Duffy tries to live self-contained in the gap between nature and culture, when these terms are defined so that "we can see the infant's relation to the mother as somehow 'natural' and the post-Oedipal child as one who is in the process of assuming a position within the cultural order as a whole" (Eagleton 156). Associating with "neither companions nor friends, church nor creed" (Joyce 105), Duffy removes himself from familial and societal ties and from "his body, regarding his own acts with doubtful side-glances" (104). The first threat to... ...uded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the little thoughts began again" (37). In this cycle of univocity and fragmentation, even the twisted apples have their day in the sun. As opposed to Duffy's ordered collage, Reefy's confounding lack of order -- in a different twist of Modernist irony -- assure his wholeness and his health. Works Cited Anderson, Sherwood. "Paper Pills." Winesburg, Ohio. Ed. John H. Ferres. New York:Viking Penguin, 1977. 35-8. Butler, Christopher. Early Modernism: Literature, Music, and Painting in Europe, 1900-1916. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995. Joyce, James. "A Painful Case." Dubliners . New York: Penguin, 1993. 103-14. ---. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.. Ed. Chester G. Anderson. New York: Viking Penguin, 1977.

Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes Ess

Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwell's Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalin's practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of author's life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. Chapter one also presents background information about Animal Farm. Chapter two is devoted to satire. In this chapter, definition of satire is presented and some important characteristics of satire are discussed. In chapter three, the method of this research is described. Under the light of information presented in the previous chapters, Chapter four discusses Animal Farm and focuses on the book as a political satire. The last chapter presents the conclusion of this study.<font size="3">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would first like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis supervisor, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Jashua M. Bear for his help and freedom he gave me in this study. Without his understanding this thesis would never have been completed.I also wish to thank my sister Fidan Korkut for her suggestions in the planning stage of this study and her endurance during my long study days at home.My special thanks go to Ãâ€"zgà ¼r Ceylan, who constantly granted me her moral support. She was always there when I needed her.<font face="3">THE AUTHOR: GEORGE ORWELLPresentationThis chapter introduces general information about George Orwell's life. It includes chronological progress of his life and his political convictions. Furthermore, important events, such as The Russian Revolution and The Spanish Civil War which had significant influence on his commitment to write Animal Farm will be discussed. Lastly, general information about Animal Farm will be given.His LifeThe British author George Orwell, pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, was born in Motihari, India, June 25, 1903. His father was an important British civil servant in India, which was then part of t he British Empire. A few years after Eric was born, he retired on a low pension and moved back to England. Though their income was not much enough, the Blair family sent their son away to boarding school which was an exclusive p... ...ed from primary and secondary sources.<font size="3">ANIMAL FARM AS SATIREPresentationIn this chapter, under the light of information given in the chapter-1 and chapter-2, Animal Farm will be examined. It aims at to show the elements of satire in Animal Farm, and to compare characters, events and some elements of Animal Farm and The Russian Revolution Elements of Satire In Animal FarmOrwell, as quoted before, clearly explains that his main purpose for writing Animal Farm was to write a satire on the Russian Revolution (In Shelden, 1991, p.399). Through animal satire, Orwell attacks on the Stalin's practices in Russia and in wider scope, on totalitarian regimes. Taking Bozkurt's (1977) classification into consideration, Animal Farm would be said to be a Juvenial satire. Since, it is clearly seen that Orwell bitterly criticise Russian Communism and Stalin.Summary of The PlotOne night after Farmer Jones has gone to bed drunk, all the animals of Manor Farm meet in the barn for a meeting. Old Major, the prize Middle White boar, wants to tell them about a strange dream he had. First, he narrate "the nature of life" as he has come to understand it. Animals, though work very hard.

Dove and Hawk View of Iraq War Essay -- essays research papers fc

Hawk and Dove Views of the Iraq War On March 18, 2003 the United States invaded Iraq. (The Washington Post) The War with Iraq is a very divisive issue around the world. Turn on any news show and you will see a daily debate on the pros and cons of going to war. Because of the situations that have occurred between the United States and Iraq, very different views and perceptions have developed. Much debate on the justification of the United States for being in Iraq, let alone overthrowing its â€Å"government†, has been presented from both sides – the Hawks and the Doves. My perception sees it like this. There are basically two different views of this war, one view being that of a Hawk and the other view being that of a Dove. The ideology of the Hawk symbolizing strength, sternness, and the notion of seeing what it wants and taking it and the Dove which normally symbolizes peach, love, and harmony, to me seems to be a perfect fit for icons of these two views. Hawks idealistically are mostly republican/conservative in the political scheme of things. The United States and the world had a duty to disarm a rogue nation like Iraq. Saddam Hussein was a tyrant that had demonstrated a complete disregard for human life and needed to be brought to justice. The people of Iraq are an oppressed people, and the world has a duty to help these people. The oil reserves of the region are necessary to the world’s economy. The WORLD not just the United States. An element like Saddam and his regime threatens the oil reserves of the entire region. The practice of appeasement only fosters even bigger tyrants. Saddam had continuously reneged on promises made to disarm any weapons and follow UN resolutions made. The removal of Saddam Hussein and his regime would uphold previous UN resolutions and give the body some credibility. By removing Saddam from power, the world of the future is safer from terrorist attacks. Rush Limbaugh is a very famous journalist and radio personality. He is noted for his Republican/conservative, somewhat brass ways of bringing to light topics with such Debatable justifications. Limbaugh denounces those who are urging restraint against force on Baghdad. "Everybody and their uncle is begging us not to go into Iraq – the Europeans, the West Germans, the Saudis," Limbaugh said. "While everybody wants regime change, they don't have the guts to... ... to be one common denominator between these very different points of view and that is neither side of this issue has EVER stated that they wanted or strived for the goal of going to war. This is called the â€Å"human factor†. No matter which side of the fence you are on here neither side still believes in the morals of a nation and its people, know the differences between right and wrong and have a love for human life. The Hawk’s believe enough is enough and that the U.S. must stand up and end this madness of putting our country in harms way. The Dove’s believe this to but believe there is a better way of obtaining this goal and that is by peaceful talks and compromises coinciding with mutual agreement of the entire world. Whether a person is a Hawkish or Dovish, in the end it probably comes down to their values, their knowledge of the issues, their social upbringings, their politics, and maybe their religion or lack thereof. Works Cited Balz, Dan and Jim VandeHie. Dean Stands By His Objections to Iraq War. The Washington Post. 16 Dec 2003. . Kovacs, Joe. Rush Limbaugh: Blast Iraq on 9-11. World Net Daily. Aug 2002. .

An Unforgettable Memory

The silence was so dense and heavy I could almost feel it but it was always like that between me and dad. He had told me to go grocery shopping with him because we had come back after the summer vacation and there was no proper and edible grocery at home, so we were headed to the local store. Dad was really sick and weak after the flight back from our homeland so I made myself do all the shopping quickly so that he wouldn’t have to tire himself. And whenever I am in a rush, I become embarrassingly clumsy, bumping into this and that, and you see things flying here and there but of course it’s unintentional! But I,surprisingly, managed to get all the things that were on the shopping list so after I filled the shopping trolley I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley and oh just my luck, that’s exactly when the cream cheese glass jar decided to take a roll down the trolley and smash itself into pieces onto the floor. I wasn’t scared of anything like if the cashier would add some fine or anything. My dad naturally possesses a loud voice but it was further enhanced because he is diabetic, which gives a sympathetic high tone. So he started screaming impulsively and loudly in front of everyone at me how I was always in a hurry, how I can never get things right, how I always made a mess, how I am never careful enough and it went on and on. I was so ashamed and humiliated at myself for not being more careful and I was filled with disgust for myself as I bent down to pick up the broken pieces of glass on the floor and hand it to the cashier who put it in a grocery bag. While I was giving it to him, my fingers were painted with blood which had bled out as I picked the pieces but I didn’t notice the physical pain for it was nothing compared to my emotional tornado. Yes, you have every right to think that I’m over-sensitive, emotional, and a hormone-crazed teenager with extreme mood swings. But when the cashier asked me, â€Å"Did it hurt? † I was so deeply touched and moved by this simple act that it made me swallow my tears and tell him a feeble â€Å"no†. This cashier whom I have probably never talked to in my life before could make such a big difference with such a simple but kind and touching deed. I had no idea that sometimes kindness strangers are the garnishing in life we need so that we can digest the main course. And as for the main course, he didn’t even bother turning and looking back at me and continued walking to the car and I took all the grocery bags to the car and we continued in our silence.

Accounting for the IPhone Essay

1. Compare the generally accepted accounting principles and Non-GAAP selective entropy and discuss their impact on the mo kaleary statements. In comparing data, when apple account its Q4 FY 2008 financial results on October 21, 2008, it report some(prenominal) GAAP and Non-GAAP stinting data. beneath GAAP, Apple reported quarterly taxation of $7.9 billion and net profit of $1.1 billion. chthonic Non-GAAP, revenues amounted to $11.7 billion and net profit add up $2.4 billion. The unlikeness between GAAP and Non-GAAP revenues and net profit were $3.8 billion and $1.3 billion respectively. gratuitous to say, such a large difference will have a massive impact on the income statement and correspondence sheet. Both financial statements would be greatly understated. Apple reported both GAAP and Non-GAAP financial data because of this large difference and they felt that the GAAP data did non correctly portray Apples financial statements.2. Which method best reflects the econ omic reality?I believe both GAAP and Non-GAAP accurately reflect Apples economic reality. Each method just simply presents Apples financial data in a different way. beneath GAAP, revenue from iPhone is deferred and is recognized on a straight trace basis over a 24 month period. This type of subscription accounting is indispensable because Apple chose to give forthcoming, free software system upgrades with the iPhone. GAAP requires this to prevent companies from trying to over-inflate revenues by increasing gross revenue with the promise of a free incentive in the future then not delivering on the promise. involve more Sleep Deprivation job Solution Speech EssayUnder GAAP, the huge increase in iPhone sales is represented in the deferred revenue accounts and the bills from operating activities on the statement of hard currency flows. Apples non-GAAP statements recognize revenue from iPhone sales immediately, instead of in a deferred account, and is represented by the increas e in revenue and net profit. To investors, the non-GAAP statements are more impressive because of the large increase in revenue and net profit. However, the truth of the case is that both methods present the same information but in different accounts and at different times.

Report on Business Administration

moving in organization constitution is the study of the mental process and management of a production line, including important finality making. in that location atomic number 18 many different duties related to business concern arrangement, including office manager, business support, Chief Executive policeman (CEO), and many others. Most companies set out a employ group of administrators. The main aras in railway line tribunal are management, logistics, human resources, operations, economics, and organization. An administrator checks all these move of organizations to ensure that they are all reckoning flop and efficiently.The time it takes to earn a bachelor-at-armss dot in strain Administration changes depending on the school. At closely colleges that become a business school or department, the course of study takes four-spot years, or eight semesters. The studyity of students earn a bachs arcdegree in Business Administration. At some schools, the core c urriculum could be extended, and some could be accelerated degree programs that cigarette be completed in as minor as three full years. If unmatched wishes to comply a graduate study in Business Administration, it usually requires two years extra.The degree is a level-headed deal called MBA or Masters in Business Administration. i dope earn the degree whether on a campus or though online colleges. When a student graduates, he or she will have the knowledge to pass on his or her own business or work in corporate America. The years that it takes to obtain a Masters in Business Administration is decidedly worth the potential success. Considering a degree in Business Administration but do not know what job opportunities await? A major in Business Administration throw out posit results in multiples areas.These areas may be in toffee-nosed business, education, government and retail. 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Students who craving a Bachelors Degree in Business Administration spend half of their address hours on general education classes like slope Composition, Social Sciences, Statistics, C ommunications, Economics, Natural Sciences, and Mathematics.While each program differs, most business administration programs select required general required courses that students must take in unification with open elective slots that student can aim on their own from a list of on tap(predicate) classes. Students begin taking business administration classes in their third year, or junior year, and they must have a C average grade or better to remain in good standing, art object others schools require a B average or higher. Business Administration courses cover a handsome range of specializations, like Economics, Marketing, Management, Organizational behavior, accounting, financing, multivariate analysis and more.The salary for mortal with a Bachelors degree in Business Administration can change, like in any other job. agree to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for someone with a degree in Business Administration is $50,000 a year. When trying to get better career opportunities, increased pay and the chance to make one a valuable resource for any surface company, a bachelors degree in business administration is one of the best ways to achieve it.This major can get one a variety of very good jobs because opus earning this major you learn very effective skills such as logistics, management, speaking skills and more. It also depends on how much time you devote to it. If one continues with their education, and gets masters degree, and and so a PhD, it will be very honour and get set you a path to a very successful career. There are a lot of schools where you can get a Bachelors degree in Business Administration.The chair 5 business schools in the country are University of Notre Dame in Mendoza, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Pennsylvania, and Emory University. If you already have a bachelors in Business and you hope to get your Masters in Business Administration (MBA), the top five schools in the country a re the University of Chicago, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern University, and Stanford University according to Business Week. If you want to get a bachelors in business and your school does not offer that major, do not worry.There are a lot of majors related to Business Administration. Some of them are Accounting, Business Communications, Finance, industrial Management, International Business, Logistics Management, Marketing, and Mathematics. With a Bachelors degree you have a lot of opportunities. Many flock say that student with a Bachelors in Business prepares you for a lot of jobs. slant is the limit Majoring in business can take up you to a high paying job, and a good social standing. Even though it can be hard to achieve, it is very rewarding to have it. It can open the doors to a successful and productive future.