A Research Study At Hand Aimed - 1737 Words

Reviving Hope Ruben Rojas University of California, Irvine Discussion The study at hand aimed to investigate the aspects that lead individuals to join a gang, the reasons as to why they decided to part ways with it, and the consequences that resulted from their affiliation. Through the analysis of interviews and observations, several themes were noticeable such as the initiation to the gang, desistance, consequences, and services offered to help reintegrate into society. Former gang members expressed and constantly mentioned their childhood having a major part in the decisions they made which ultimately lead to them being â€Å"jumped â€Å"into a gang. Some of the reasons this occurred so frequently among so many individuals was partly due to constant profiling, problematic relationships with many of them being at home, or the social environment they found themselves being surrounded by. On the other hand, desistance occurred after they [gang members] were imprisoned and realized no one was there to help cope with their segregation from the public. After realizing they were alone, they were able to take a step back and take a deeper look at the situation they were in and decided that they needed a change. Along with growing out of it, or following an unexpected family emergency, such as a loved one being diagnosed with cancer, it was clear change was necessary. A majority of former gang members said the ultimate consequences from gang affiliation wereShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods Of Quantitative Research1087 Words   |  5 Pages Week 2 Assignment Adam Morrison PSY 326 Research Methods Jessica Lee Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. 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The rates also seem to be higher than in the past due to the lack of policy regarding the infections and lack of people following through on the policies in place (Fritz, 2012). MRSA can be prevented for student athletes, especially if those around them are committed to doing what they can to protect the health of t he students. Research Study #1 Research Question:Read MoreCompare the Lib vs Google Article959 Words   |  4 Pagesevidence for oral health promotion effectiveness,† which is from the Health Education Journal. The other article is titled, â€Å"A systemic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health† which I Google and found in Community Dental Health. Both articles have the same objectives in promoting research, understanding and assessing evidence for effectiveness of oral health. 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Watson and Rayner aimed to teach Albert to become fearful of a pl acid white rat, via the use of stimulus associations, testing Pavlov’s earlier theory of classical conditioningRead MoreThe Scientist Hypothesis: An Analysis1449 Words   |  6 PagesWritten report THE SCIENTIST HYPOTHESIS The article on the subject of potential communicable disease coercion to Europe was written by scientists who carried out research to identify these diseases and come up with measure to mitigate the catastrophe in future. The scientist hypothesis states that current trends of Europeans from three perspectives that are social and demographic change, globalization and environmental change and health system capacity are driving factors for identified plausibleRead MoreThe Importance Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research1012 Words   |  5 Pagessince time immemorial in providing relevance to data. 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Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(72) " 97 per cent of the Earth ‘s H2O is saltwater in oceans and seas\." Water is considered as the most indispensable human demands. But due to the pollution, the H2O is contaminated earnestly and it is non safe to be consumed. Because of the environment ordinance and go oning depletion of the fresh H2O resources, focal point has been shifted towards the H2O direction in order to recycle, retrieve and recycle the waste H2O by utilizing the taking engineerings. We will write a custom essay sample on Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the intervention of the H2O does n’t convey into serious history, we might be possible to be infected by diseases like diarrhoea, malnutrition, enteric roundworm infections, lymphatic filariasis and other H2O – borne diseases ( Pr A ; uuml ; ss- A ; Uuml ; st A ; uuml ; n et al. , 2008 ) . One of the ways to pull off the H2O beginnings is that by utilizing it to fabricate and treat into bottled mineral H2O. The Importance of the industry to our society The bottled mineral is of import because it is really convenient. Tricia ( 2011 ) has claimed that by people would readily to hold supply of imbibing H2O to slake their thirst when H2O is non easy accessible. Bottled H2O is besides a healthier option in order to maintain us hydrated because the H2O is usually filtered and tested to guarantee that there is non harmful in it. Besides that, the mineral H2O is really light and eases for presenting procedure. Therefore, it can cut down the disbursals in transit. In add-on, the bottled H2O will be free from the stinky olfactory properties and chemical that can impact the gustatory sensation of the imbibing H2O and do it more gratifying to imbibe. The supply and demand of H2O It is a affair of satisfaction that consciousness sing purified and hygienic H2O among multitudes is turning with the transition of clip and therefore doing the mineral H2O concern swell up to 15 per cent as compared to yester twelvemonth, forcing the quantum of demand up to around 1.1 billion litres per twelvemonth since contaminated H2O persistently coming out of governmental-run H2O grapevines. Therefore, the planetary bottled H2O industry has become really profitable has grown exponentially over the past 10 to fifteen old ages. The most common supply for the mineral H2O is natural H2O which is derived from an approved belowground beginning, such as a protected good or spring that has been inspected, tested, and found to be safe and healthful with regard to H2O quality. Indeed, the mineral H2O consists of 75 % from natural resources and 25 % from the municipal H2O system. In United States, about 700 trade names of bottled H2O are sold. This broad choice reflects diverse consumer demand for safe and good-tasting imbibing H2O options. Furthermore, the immense multination presently make one million millions of dollars on H2O as they extract from the land, slap a label on and sell at competitory monetary values. For case: Aquafina ( Pepsi ) , Dasani ( Coke ) , Perrier ( Nestle ) , Evian, and Fiji Water among 100s of others. First and first, the factor impacting the addition of mineral H2O ingestion is the universe ‘s population will go on to turn in future decennaries. Other than that, it will be the in-migration of the people from the countryside to town. General life criterions are bettering, particularly in the two states with the largest populations: China and India. The universe ‘s current population of about 6.6 billion people will go on to swell over the coming decennaries. The UN predicts a planetary population of 9.2 billion people by the twelvemonth 2050. Demand for H2O will of class escalate strictly in response to this population growing. Experiences in recent decennaries even show that H2O ingestion has grown at a faster rate than the general population. This tendency is chiefly attributable to uninterrupted betterments in life criterions. In1950, for illustration, per capita one-year H2O ingestion averaged 580 M3. This figure had already risen to 625 M3s by the twelvemonth 2000 . Given the population roar in parts such as Asia particularly, this underlying tendency is improbable to be reversed for some clip. However, consumer demand for reviewing alternate drinks, every bit good as increasing public concern about wellness and fittingness and greater consumer instruction about the ingredients in nutrient and drinks, are advancing gross revenues of bottled H2O. Hence, the bottled H2O industry is indicated by the federal and ordinance which is to do certain that the quality of mineral H2O whether is safety to be drunk by public and by IBWA, the trade association stand foring the industry. A broad assortment of bottled Waterss are available to the consumer, and the bulk of these merchandises are acceptable options to imbibing H2O. The bottled H2O got the blessing for administering many authorities plans as the administering the smaller size of bottle is easier than administering the big bulk storage of H2O. The event is organized by the populace or schools besides admire to scatter the bottled H2O which is mineral H2O to people or pupil. Therefore, this will increase the demand of the bottle d mineral H2O as the big distribution to the consumer. Last but no rental, the demand of mineral H2O, supplied in plastic bottles, has been witnessed upward tendency in recent old ages as earlier urban in-between category of the society wanted to avoid water-borne diseases. But now the usage of bottle H2O has become position symbol in society and most of people particularly female normally carry fictile mineral H2O bottles with them while traveling to shopping or someplace else. The tendency of transporting mineral bottles is non merely healthy mark but besides it keeps end-consumers off from physicians. In the nutshell, the populations of planetary universe addition, the addition will the demand of clear H2O like bottled mineral H2O. Water is the most common substance found on Earth that covers over 70 per cent of whole planet and is the lone substance found of course in three signifiers: solid, liquid and gas. However, about 97 per cent of the Earth ‘s H2O is saltwater in oceans and seas. You read "Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Merely three per cent is freshwater while merely one per cent is available for imbibing – the staying two per cent is frozen in polar ice caps in the form of glaciers. Hence, the supply and demand for the bottled mineral H2O industry is about sufficient and really perchance will derive a monolithic net income to the company of it is managed good. Procedure of fabricating mineral H2O Springs that are disposed above an aquifer secluded from contaminations like industries runoff or healthful drainage are where mineral H2O comes from. Thus the procedure of doing mineral H2O is vitally of import. Spring H2O must be collected merely at the spring or through a au naturel hole tapping the belowground formation feeding the spring. After that the H2O will pump through pretreatment systems which include different type of filter which are Chlorination System, Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter ( PSF ) , Activated Carbon Filter, UV system with piping, valves and instruments. The system utilizes an ion exchange H2O softener and a assortment of filtration methods. The gilded systems incorporate activated C filters to take bad gustatory sensations and olfactory properties from the H2O. Natural H2O may incorporate populating micro-organisms and organics which are obnoxious to Change by reversal Osmosis ( R.O. ) Membrane. Not merely like that, H2O besides contain ferric which can be oxidized to ferric oxide which is settle down in storage armored combat vehicle. Therefore Chlorine Dosing System is designed for this intent. Sodium hypochlorite solution is dosed in Raw Water Storage Tank to respond with H2O to organize a hypochlorite acid which acts as disinfecting agent. The chlorinated natural H2O will so travel to Pressure Sand Filter via Raw Water Supply Pump. The natural H2O is foremost filtered by filtration unit to take suspended affairs and turbidness from natural H2O. Before feeding to the contrary osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) , free Cl must be removed from the filtrated H2O. This is because chlorine being a strong oxidizing agent which will damage the R.O. Membranes in R.O. Plant. Thus Activated Carbon Filter is map to take Cl, olfactory property and colour while go throughing the H2O through C bed. ( Diagram 1 shows a system for chlorination, acts as Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter. ) Diagram 1 After that spring H2O will pretreatment with rearward osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) to cut down the sum dissolved solids from natural H2O beginning. The R.O. Plant use membrane-filtration methods to take many types of big molecules and ions from solutions by using force per unit area to the solution. The solute will stay on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure dissolver is allowed to go through through the other side. ( Diagram 2 shows a R.O. Plant. ) Diagram 2 After passed through R.O. Plant system, the filtrated H2O will has really less TDS ( Total Dissolved Solids ) value which is non good in gustatory sensation. Thus a mineral adding system or blending system will used to heighten the gustatory sensations of the H2O. The scaremonger will blend the physical mineral into the commixture armored combat vehicle and dosing pump will dose the mineral to R.O. Product H2O before ozonation with TDS accountant. The blending system will set the TDS value by adding filtered H2O. ( Diagram 3 shows a Mineral adding system. ) Diagram 3 The mineral added H2O is so stored in Product Water Storage Tank. During storage, atmospheric or any other taint may take topographic point in treated H2O. Hence H2O will feed through the Micron Cartridge Filter. Micron Cartridge Filter will take attention for all right micrometer drosss. It will guarantee the high quality treated H2O before ozonation by taking peculiar affair and some portion of bacteriums and virus. After that the H2O will cysts down to 1 micrometer absolute. ( Diagram 4 shows a Micron Cartridge Filter. ) Diagram 4 After micrometer cartridge filter, H2O comes to the station intervention system which include Ultra Violet system ( U.V. System ) and ozonation. U.V. System will take the bacteriums and viruses one time once more as they may redevelop once more in H2O during drawn-out storage. Hence, the treated H2O is passed through U.V. System which consists of U.V. Tubes which radiates high strength Ultra Violet Rays to kill micro-organisms. Even passed through U.V. System, the bacteriums and viruses may redevelop in jammed bottles over a period of clip. Hence it ‘s necessary to disinfect merchandise H2O prior to bottling filling. The Ozone Generator will turned H2O into O rich H2O and take the bacteriological growing and supply the shelf life of the jammed bottles unless it ‘s unfastened for some period of clip. The ozonation of H2O besides added some gustatory sensation to the treated H2O. Ozonator will bring forth the ozone gas from free ambiance, dry air or force per unit area swing surface assimilation ( PSA ) O generator. Ozone gas will shoot with venturi system mounted on armored combat vehicle with re-circulation armored combat vehicle and pump. ( Diagram 5 shows a U.V. and Ozonation system. ) Diagram 5 Ozone Re-circulating Tank ( ORT ) is designed for required ppm ( parts per million ) Ozone gas mix up in finished merchandise, H2O. In ozone re-circulating armored combat vehicle, H2O re-circulating by required flow rate pump. Continuous re-circulation will supply the ozone concentration to the merchandise H2O before bottling. Overall system: Impact of fabricating mineral H2O on homo and environment First, phthalates are chemicals known to interrupt the endocrines in our human organic structure particularly testosterone, which can take to an unnatural sexual development such as male sterility, premature chest development, malignant neoplastic disease and abortions. Meanwhile, this sort of chemical comes from the fictile H2O bottles by leaching into bottled H2O. Other than that, a random experiment was done during the twelvemonth of 1990 with a trade name of popular bottled H2O and turned up hints of benzine in the bottles where low dose of benzine to human is unaffected but high dose will convey paroxysms and decease. Bottled H2O is besides much more expensive than tap H2O but bottled H2O is frequently no healthier than tap H2O because from the consequences of some surveies had shown that about 25-45 per centum of bottled H2O sold in the United States really comes from municipal resources. Even U.S. FDA ordinances allowed some taint of faecal stuff in bottled H2O and to boot the re are no demands for H2O bottles to be tested for parasites or germicides. Worse is that bottled H2O company are non required to advise their clients if elevated degrees of contaminations are found. The production of H2O bottles is besides making C dioxide non small but is 2.5 million dozenss of it and released to the air and it is the chief key to greenhouse consequence gas that is responsible for planetary heating. Apart from that, we had used excessively many H2O bottles each twelvemonth, it was over-numbered, in U.S. each twelvemonth the sum of H2O bottles can encircle the Earth 150 times if they are set end-to-end but non even 25 per centum is recycled. Due to they are fictile bottles, therefore they decompose easy as the same for other plastics, while we all finished the H2O and the plastic bottles are thrown off, around 2.5 million of fictile H2O bottles an hr and each takes 500 million old ages to break up. Imagine the pollution that was caused by H2O bottles. In order to forestall all of these from go oning, the company should be more toward duty than profitableness and ne’er step out from the safety parametric quantities even though it is non officially secured by the quality applied scientists. How to cite Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

A Business Model For The New Economy Journal Of Business Strategy

Question: Discuss about A Business Model For The New Economy for Journal Of Business Strategy? Answer: Introduction Firefly is one of the important airlines of Malaysia. It is owned by Malaysian Airline System Berhad on 3rd April 2007. The name of Firefly comes from a Mandarin word Fei Ying, Bahasa Malaysia 'Kunang-Kunang' which describes the characteristic of Airline, which are agility, brilliance, charm and fun. The vision of Firefly is to be trusted brand known for offering safe, reliable, accessible premium travel experiences that resonate with passengers. For the mission of Firefly is to strengthen our footprint by exceptional services and sustaining our profitability above the industry average. While we continue to dominate our routes, we also take pride in aligning our business model and work culture to our social conscience. Originally, it operate in Penang and expand to Subbing Airport as their headquarter on 29th October 2007 and it provide connection to various countries such as within Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand, Sumatera of Indonesia and so on. The reason of Firefly expand to Subbing is to avoid conflict with others Malaysian Airline in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Since KLIA is the main Airport in Malaysia, Firefly is very difficult to compete with their competitors such as Air Asia, which also depart at KLIA. It is also very difficult for them to manage their system and provide a customer a good service. Therefore, Firefly chooses to monopoly at Subbing airport. By doing this, they can store many aircraft due to its small size of aircraft compare to others Airlines aircraft (Boulton, Libert Samek, 2000). Discussion In order to Manage the term promoting or scholarly advertising: (Advertising has few definitions. As per Philip Kotler (considered by some the father of present day advertising), is "the social and procedure authoritative whereby gatherings and people address their issues by making and trading merchandise and administrations ". It is characterized as a theory of administration that can be able to hold the way of attaining the objectives of the Association. The objective is to distinguish the needs and requirements of the target market. It has tried to adjust the aspect of fulfilling the market-structure with proficient manner than the opposition (Carpenter Sanders, 2006). Advertising is likewise a process that includes the distinguishing proof of necessities and needs of the target advertise, the detailing of goals arranged buyer , building procedures that make a worth unrivalled, the usage of client relations and maintenance of client quality to attain to profits . Advertisement is very essential as well as important elements for promoting the product or service of an organization. Effective advertisement can be very helpful for the effectiveness of promoting different products and service of the organization. The fundamental goal of promoting is to convey the customer to the furthest reaches of the buying choice. Other than promoting additionally intends to advance the trading of quality between two gatherings (purchaser and vender), so that both profit there (Dyllick Hockerts, 2002). As indicated by Philip Kotler, the term trade "the demonstration of getting an item wanted else." For that to happen, it is essential that five conditions: There must be no less than two sections. Each party must have something that speaks to esteem for the other. Each party must have the capacity to convey and convey. Each party must be allowed to acknowledge or reject the offer. Each party must accept that it is suitable. It is the "arrangement of activities for giving the interest to merchandise and administrations to the aspect of most extreme productivity in showcasing". Effective advertising can also be considered as one of the most important and essential techniques for marketing the product. As a control of experimental impacts, advertising is a situated of standards, philosophies and procedures through which it tries to vanquish a business sector, work together in accomplishing the targets of the association and address the issues and longings of customers or clients (Effendi, 2012). Advertising is the introduction with which oversees showcasing or promoting inside an association. It has tried to hold clients, utilizing devices and methods; situated in the psyche of the shopper an item or a brand, and so forth trying to be the fundamental decision and achieve the end client; promoting part in view of the needs of the client or buyer, to plan, compose, execute, and screen, the advertiser or showcasing capacity of the association. Social showcasing is utilized by Firefly aerial shuttles to increase upper hand by creating and sustaining solid purchasing propensities among their client base preference. Since there are numerous aerial shuttles viewing for the same clients, compelling social promoting builds brand steadfastness, as well as expands the piece of the pie, brand mindfulness and client maintenance. The Firefly carrier overall utilization social promoting projects to fortify their association with clients and build brand dedication over the long haul. Illustrations of how carriers manufacture their image utilizing social promoting are regular customer projects, advantages for first class participation, airplane terminal parlours, moves up to top of the line lodge and vital associations with different aerial transports to build travelled courses (Evans, 2001). SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Being a backup of MAS, Firefly's start-up expense and expectation to learn and adapt to the business is fundamentally decreased. Firefly has presented a creative item with new courses taking advantage of new markets. It has arriving rights and is the sole transporter from Penang to world acclaimed visitor destinations including Koh Samui Langkawi. Restrictive access to the Subbing Airport empowers it to catch completely voyagers choosing this course. The Subbing Airport is closer to principle business, and private hotspots including KL and Petaling Jaya contrasted with KLIA (Galbraith, 2014). Weakness Without a doubt, Firefly is new in the business, particularly online deals. Indeed its parent organization MAS was late to present its web booking motor just in January 2004. It does not have the involvement in this field contrasted with Air Asia. As of now in 2003, Air Asia was voted as the most prevalent site for internet shopping in a review directed by AC Nielsen Consultancy. Subbing Airport as a centre has its downsides, however. Select access to Subbing dispenses with potential outcomes of other aerial shuttle travellers utilizing Firefly as a part of Subbing for integration or amid stopovers. There are other restricting elements of the Subbing Airport; those are the absence of a process of forward and backward methodical open transport. The air terminal is contrasted with the KLIA, which float the ERL (Express Rail Link), shuttle transports to town and taxies. Subbing Airport depends singularly on taxis (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). Opportunities Connell (2006) remarks that restorative tourism has been an achievement in Asia particularly and has provoked worldwide investment. Penang itself has 13 private healing facilities (APHM 2008) which Firefly can work with on advancing therapeutic tourism Firefly has numerous spokes out of Penang to prevalent destinations (Firefly 2008). With global carriers utilizing Penang Airport, Firefly can catch stopover travellers trying to visit mainstream destinations (Grugulis Wilkinson, 2002). Threats AirAsia is the fundamental danger to Firefly. The on-going value war between aerial plan shuttles is relied upon to keep cutting into benefits. With the general drop in Asia Pacific air-activity anticipated that would proceed with (AAPA 2008a), FSCs will consider joining in the battle for the financial backing voyagers fragment straightforwardly or by propelling an auxiliary LCC. There likewise exists dangers of substitute items specifically the train administrations, transport administrations and auto travel particularly for courses on the Peninsular of Malaysia, for instance, the KL-Penang course. The airline has a Business Class Bus Service that charges RM55 for a KL-Penang excursion and takes more or less 5 hours (AEROLINE 2008). It is contrasted with 1 hour by flying (Firefly 2008; Harvey Turnbull, 2006). Their goal to structure new CRM technique is to improve our consumer loyalty and make long haul association with the client. Because of our primary issues that clients contend that our flight has constantly deferred or drop. The issue has caused an enormous inconvenience and made us misfortune our clients. In this way, we have to turn out with an answer to defeating this issue. Plus, we additionally need to add to another procedure to decrease the loss of client things furthermore expand the velocity of stacking stuff. Finally, we need to give more choice to the client to fly or travel. Since our organization is the least expensive aerial transports benefit in Malaysia, we ought to give more determination to them to acquire more clients (Hechanova Cementina-Olpoc, 2013). Malaysia Airlines ought to plans to decrease fuel costs on 40 airships, including their A380 Armada, with SITA's FMS Wind Uplink administration. This administration has renovated the major system of Flight Management System (FMS) figuring. Therefore, the carrier can alter flight arrangements as per changing wind and climate conditions, empowering the airship to utilize fuel as expense viable as could be allowed. Amid trials, Wind Uplink conveyed reserve funds of up to 600 kilograms of fuel on a solitary flight division. SITA's AIRCON Cockpit Datalink Applications give the spine to the programmed Wind Uplink administration, which spares important team time and can help diminish an airplane's carbon footprint. According to Katrina Korzenowski, Director, Aircraft Services, Asia Pacific, and SITA,"Wind Uplink empowers aerial shuttles to exploit helpful changes in climate so groups can get flights on time and plan, diminishing fuel costs at whatever point conceivable. Because of high fuel costs, we envision expanded interest for Wind Uplink later on and are now in examinations with numerous other potential clients. What's more, on the grounds that Wind Uplink is bundled as a solitary administration, it can be up and running in simply a couple of hours for SITA Flight Briefing Service and AIRCON Datalink clients with no capital costs." Malaysia Airlines conveyed 13.4 million travellers in 2012, working almost 300 flights a day by day. Its system of 60 destinations in four main lands was extended with its passage into the one world aerial shuttle organization together in February 2013. Malaysia Airlines has gotten more than 100 recompenses in the most recent ten years, including the 5-star carrier distinguishment by Skytrax World Airline Awards for 2012 and 2013 (Jiang, 2012). Micro Macro Environments Factors: Firms are influenced by heaps of diverse things; a company's promoting surroundings is comprised of everything that influence the way it works. A percentage of the variables in a company's advertising surroundings can be controlled by the firm yet some are wild. Firms need to comprehend their promoting surroundings with the goal that they can take advantage of positive elements and deal with the effect of negative variables. A company's showcasing surroundings can be split into two sections: macro environment and microenvironment. The microenvironment is comprised of variables that are near to the firm and influence it on 'everyday' premise; as a rule these components interface with the firm or are included in the same business. Microenvironment illustrations incorporate clients, banks and exchange unions as they all interact with the firm. The macro environment is comprised of variables that influence the firm on a long haul premise. All in all macro environment components are not near to the firm. Microenvironment components could be national or worldwide measures and influence numerous commercial ventures and gatherings. Macro environment cases incorporate enactment, the economy (e.g. subsidence, expansion, VAT changes), and mechanical change, for example, the web. The two macro environment factor that Firefly faces are (Kinicki Williams, 2012). Political. Government security and choices in destinations employed by Firefly affects business. The Malaysian government arrangement to bolster and build up the Low Cost Travel part (Bernama 2006) forecasts well for Firefly. Being an auxiliary of MAS, which is under government impact, Firefly confronts comparable difficulties where some state governments attempt to weight the LCC to travel to non-lucrative states that either affects benefits or relations. As of late the Perak state government has asked Firefly to do as such (Star 2008b). Socio-Cultural. Government security and choices in destinations employed by Firefly affects business. The Malaysian government arrangement to bolster and build up the Low Cost Travel part (Bernama 2006) forecasts well for Firefly. Being an auxiliary of MAS, which is under government impact, Firefly confronts comparable difficulties where some state governments attempt to weight the LCC to travel to non-lucrative states that either affects benefits or relations. As of late the Perak state government has asked Firefly to do as such (Star 2008b). The microenvironment factors are, most settled transporters including Singapore Airlines and MAS are situated towards focusing on the FSC business sector fragment. The direct rivalry for Firefly is AirAsia. AirAsia has the world's most minimal unit expense of $0.023 every Available Seat Kilometers (ASK) (O'Connell Williams 2005). This issue of rivalry can empower the AirAsia to offer focused costs consolidated with its solid image vicinity. AirAsia is a direct rivalry for two courses from Penang and six courses from Kuala Lumpur (KL). Air Asia flies to the Low Cost Carrier Terminal at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) while Firefly travels to Subbing, the airplane terminals can be thought to be in nearness and a rival for point-to-point travelers. For the remaining Firefly courses, no direct rivalry exists and Firefly stands to profit completely (Marchese, 2012). Market Segmentation Firefly Company focuses on their clients through a few divisions. Division is characterized as the methodology of isolating an enormous gathering of clients into little gathering. Firefly focuses on their clients through the demographic division that relies on upon the age gathering of clients. The age gathering of twenty-six (26) or more is the business explorer; they may head out inside Malaysia to work their business provincially. In this way, Air Asia has been considered as a low cost and effective travel. However, it may pull in them to take firefly instead of different aerial transports (van Aken, Berends Van der Bij, 2012). Moreover, both gatherings of a client may have a low wage that could just bear the cost of the flight ticket cost. High pay gathering ought to be capable bear the cost of in this value level and can even help them to spare more cost. The topographical division is likewise imperative for Firefly since it can't just focus on the individual spot. By focusing on more regions of a client, it permits firefly to get more client to improve their gainfulness. Case in point, Firefly gives more accommodation administrations that permit clients to leave their destination easily. The other division is Sagacity division. Firefly was advancing new bundle projects of travel, for example, family excursion. It has the numerous bundle of get-away with are sensible and moderate by every gang. Other than that, the area pick by Firefly are more suitable for family and working grown-up where they can unwind and appreciate the nature environment. Malaysia Airlines is right now executing another 'micro-segmented' toll framework for its residential system that covers 23 courses. This micro-segmented' toll framework has been done by the 'Traveling to Win Customers' part of the MAS Business Turnaround Plan. Aside from value adaptability, each charge fragment has its arrangement of conditions in regards to angles like ticketing due dates and discounts. The amended admissions permit explorers the decision to consolidate diverse restricted admission flights to plan a customized travel experience. With the new toll framework, clients can appreciate less expensive air charge rates. Examination demonstrates that Malaysia is behind Thailand regarding the normal charge of residential passages. At the point when swelling brought about living expense and thus fuel expenses to climb, Malaysia Airlines mulled over that their clients would need more moderate air passages. They executed expense cutting systems that influenced their air tolls i n addition to the general Business Turnaround Plan (Singh, Power Chuong, 2011). They likewise plan to keep offering rebates to senior subjects, individuals from parliament and so forth. Beside these rebates, MAS has stopped to offer it's beforehand reduced value charges. Amid the usage of the new 'micro-divided' charge framework that is presently in movement, Malaysia Airlines will even now consider all exchanges completed with the past passages legitimate. To guarantee straightforwardness of said exchanges, all passages sold are successful promptly, and this is thought about the tickets of the clients that count with the late slice over to net tolls showed on tickets. Purchasing conduct" is comprised of the inside and outside components that clarify why buyers purchase and utilize certain items or administrations. This sort of conduct can influence the showcasing procedure that a business utilizes to advance its items, and when this conduct is dissected, it can direct business toward better-promoting procedures and routines that it may not have initially utilized. One of the fundamental monetary speculations that drive showcasing is that of supply and interest, which comprises of a degree between the measures of supply versus the measure of interest for that supply. Firefly needs to enhance time flights and e-market this negative observation. On-time flights won't just enhance Firefly's marking and recognition, it spares noteworthy measure of cash because of wastefulness and downtime and lessens air terminal charges. It is suggested that accomplishing on-time flights be made a list in worker execution and have a month to month motivating force fixing to this execution marker. On-time flight data can then be shown on Firefly's site, demonstrating Firefly's dedication to consumer loyalty. Firefly ought to give a shuttle transport administration to and from the Subbing Airport, prompting auxiliary pay and boosting its Community Airline picture. Thus, with the change in proficiency and traveller solace, Firefly can understand the proposed re-situating of its item, accordingly enhance its piece of the pie while looking after benefit (Robbins Judge, 2012). The ETag is an electronic things mark that incorporates two e-ink presentations, and that connects to the outside of the bag while a track is put inside the baggage. What's more, a restricted release bag the Samsonite Track Trace, which incorporates installed ETag and track gadgets can be presented by Malaysia carrier. The track makes utilization of GSM, GPS and Bluetooth innovation, which empowers it to be followed by a cell phone while ETag likewise uses Bluetooth. Travellers with a Flying Blue record can connect the ETag and track gadgets to their record, so when they registration on the web, the changeless sack tag will be consequently upgraded inside only five seconds. The tag corresponds to the outside world through the track gadget, and specifically with cell phones utilizing Bluetooth, yet the two items can likewise be utilized autonomously (Ritter Gemnden, 2004). Contingent upon the sort of item being conveyed there are three normal distribution procedures accessible: Intensive distribution Used generally to circulate low valued or drive buys items egg chocolates, sodas. Exclusive distribution Involves constraining distribution to a solitary outlet. The item is normally profoundly estimated and requires the mediator to place much detail on its offer. An illustration of would be the offer of vehicles through select merchants. Selective Distribution, A little number of retail outlets, are decided to circulate the item. Specific distribution is basic with items, for example, PCs, TVs family unit apparatuses, where shoppers are willing to shop around and where producers need a huge land spread. For this new product, Exclusive distribution strategy will be used. Pricing strategy for this product will be cost effective, as this is a new product so the aim will be to test the product and recover the cost of the product. Business Targeting is an advertising idea that helps advertisers to veer the business sector into little units that incorporate individuals of the same personality. Market division has been separated into a few regions, for example, geographic, psychographic and demographic sections. As indicated by demographic research, the normal time for Malaysia Airlines travelers is 14.6 years and runs for 25 years or more. Most travelers of Malaysia Airlines gain high wage that empowers them to utilize their administrations at whatever time and it can be seen that the majority of their travelers are representatives that voyage constantly. MAS have the quality that is gotten from its worldwide praise as a 5-star carrier with a much-acclaimed brand bolstered by administration orientated staff. MAS endeavors to give agreeable long separation administration, as well as lavish administration. Their mastery in giving perfect administration from each viewpoint has had MAS named "World's Best" for three back to back years. Starting late, voyagers have offered to Malaysia Airlines the "5-Star World Airline ranking" in the 2006 Skytrax Passenger Survey. Support in the MATTA-MITM Fair 2006 was a piece of their Business Turnaround Plan to build an income using their current courses, also, to conveying their image experience to clients and business partners. Conclusion MAS have expanded its ability to pander to the expanding number of web-surfers, MasterCard and Visa MasterCard clients. The clients can now pay for their tickets by calling and booking through the call community for flights withdrawing from Malaysia. Clients who choose this strategy for installment additionally appreciate the additional accommodation that is the capacity to acquire their tickets at whatever time before their decided take-off date from any Malaysia Airlines ticket office in Malaysia or on the web. MAS have likewise added the capacity to registration and print your ticket using the web. References Boulton, R. E., Libert, B. D., Samek, S. M. (2000). A Business Model For The New Economy.Journal Of Business Strategy,21(4), 29-35. Carpenter, M. A., Sanders, W. G. (2006). Strategic management: a dynamic perspective, concepts and cases. Dyllick, T., Hockerts, K. (2002). Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability.Business strategy and the environment,11(2), 130-141. Effendi, M. I. (2012). The Causal Relationships among the Environmental Uncertainty, Strategic Orientation, Organizational Structure, Technology Policy, Technological Competence of Renewable Energy, And Business Performance.International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow,2(4).. Evans, N. (2001). Collaborative strategy:: an analysis of the changing world of international airline alliances.Tourism management,22(3), 229-243. Galbraith, J. R. (2014).Designing Organizations: Strategy, Structure, and Process at the Business Unit and Enterprise Levels. John Wiley Sons. Griffin, R., Moorhead, G. (2011).Organizational behaviour. Cengage Learning. Grugulis, I., Wilkinson, A. (2002). Managing culture at British Airways: hype, hope and reality.Long Range Planning,35(2), 179-194 Harvey, G., Turnbull, P. (2006). Employment Relations, Management Style and Flight Crew Attitudes at Low Cost Airline Subsidiaries:: The Cases of British Airways/Go and bmi/bmibaby.European Management Journal,24(5), 330-337. Hechanova, R. M., Cementina-Olpoc, R. (2013). Transformational leadership, change management, and commitment to change: A comparison of academic and business organizations.The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher,22(1), 11-19. Jiang, Y. (2012). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Strategy: a case of China National Petroleum Corporation in Sudan Republic. Kinicki, A., Williams, B. (2012).Management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Marchese, C. (2012).Impact of Organizational Environment on Knowledge Representation and Use: Cognitive Work Analysis of a Management Consulting Firm(Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. dissertation, Long Island University). Meurer, M. J. (2002). Controlling Opportunistic and Anti-Competitive Intellectual Property Litigation.BCL Rev.,44, 509. Milchenko, O. (2013). Contemporary Anti-Competitive Practices of Patents Usage. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 8(3), 190-197. Ritter, T., Gemnden, H. G. (2004). The impact of a company's business strategy on its technological competence, network competence and innovation success.Journal of business research,57(5), 548-55. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2012).Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition. prentice Hall. Singh, P. J., Power, D., Chuong, S. C. (2011). A resource dependence theory perspective of ISO 9000 in managing organizational environment.Journal of Operations Management,29(1), 49-64. Thompson, J. D. (2011).Organizations in action: Social science bases of administrative theory(Vol. 1). Transaction Publishers. van Aken, J., Berends, H., Van der Bij, H. (2012).Problem solving in organizations: A methodological handbook for business and management students. Cambridge University Press.

The Mafia Essays - Sicilian Mafia Commission,

The Mafia The Mafia The Mafia, a well-known crime organization, is still prevalent in society today. In the past five years the Sicilian Mafia has taken some heavy hits, with the murders of two leading prosecutors in Mafia-related trials (Coming back). The prosecutors were Giovanni Falcone ( see picture), and Paulo Borsellino. Their successors have managed to put behind bars their murderers and an entire Mafia "cupola" ( Coming Back). So what exactly is the Mafia? And where did it originate? The word "Mafia" has two meanings, one is that it means "manly" and the other is " Morte alla Franca Italia Anela" which means, " death to France is Italy's cry" ( Mafia History). The meaning came from the fact that Italians more specifically Sicilians, had to adapt to numerous invasions from Arabs, Norman's and the French. The word Mafia in Arab also means refuge. The original inhabitants of Sicily were oppressed and had to seek places of shelter and refuge ( Arlacchi ). The Norman's when invading Sicily in the 11th century; the native people were forced into labor on the large estates their rulers made. Their only way of escape was to seek shelter in the hills on the island of Sicily ( refer to picture of Corleone). There in the hills the natives formed " Secret societies " that were meant to unify the natives against their enemies. The societies created a bond or strong sense of family based on their Sicilian heritage ( Mafia History). Their societies began to form structure and the idea of family was carried out through this framework. The layout was strongly hierarchical. At the head of the organizations were Dons or chiefs, who were in supreme control of the Mafia chapters in each village ( Coming Back ). They however reported to the " don of dons" who lived in the capital of Sicily, the city of Palermo. Mafia leadership is the "Cupola" much like a board of directors ( blumenthal p14). The Mafia Dons never really got into the actual "business" they were involved in as not to get their hands dirty. They formed individual units called Caporegime that answered to the Don. The Caporegime controlled the"soldiers" or workers that did the dirty work of collecting debts and even murder (Arlacchi 23). " Joining the Mafia is a lifetime commitment stronger than family from which you cannot retire, you are bound by blood and sworn by secrecy ( Mafia History)." To join the Mafia you must take an oath based on five principals. The Omerta, is the first principal it is the code of silence that no matter what, even under the threat of torture or death, you will reveal no secrets. Second you must pledge total obedience to your don. Third you must lend assistance to any befriended Mafia faction. Fourth you must vow to avenge any attack on members of the family, " an attack on one is an attack on all." Fifthly and the most important is to avoid any and all contact with the law ( Mafia History). By the 19th century the Mafia had grown vast and strong. It had once been a small group of rebels that had turned into a large criminal society ( I.O.C.G). In these early times of the Mafia the most common form of extortion was the handing out of "Black Hand Notes." These notes were handed to wealthy citizens, and were sincere requests for large sums of money in exchange for some form of protection. If the victims did not comply with the note, they could expect bombings, kidnappings, and murders to help convince them ( Mafia History). In 1876 a Mafia don Raffeale Palizzo ran for political office to infiltrate Sicilian government, and run it from inside and outside the law. He succeeded in getting elected by holding many voters under gunpoint. Inside the government he had Don Crispi of Sicily elected Prime minister. Twenty-six hundred public administrators were indicted for corruption and other crimes in Sicily ( Arlacchi 28-29). The whole island had come under Mafia control and they began to suck national funds into their hands. Yet the Mafia was and always will be opposed by some people or organizations. Opposition to the Mafia was always met with violence ( Blumenthal 7). A well-known example of this, is the case of a man Emanuel Notarbartolo who was the director of the bank in Sicily. Emanuel publicly announced that he promised to rid the land of the Mafia once and for all. In 1893 he was assassinated, and don Palizzo took

The Crucible Power and Manipulation Essays

The Crucible Power and Manipulation Essays The Crucible Power and Manipulation Paper The Crucible Power and Manipulation Paper Abigail Williams is one of the major characters; she is easily established and is clearly the villain of the play. Abigail is a good liar, she can be very manipulative and overall she is a very vindictive character. Abigail is an orphan and an unmarried girl; therefore she occupies a low rung on the Puritan Salem social ladder (the only people below her are the slaves like Tituba). In the play John Proctor has an affair with Abigail Williams; however, by terminating their affair he unexpectedly stimulates her spiteful jealousy. It is for this reason that Abigail begins to manipulate the truth and abuse her power. By aligning herself, in the eyes of others, with Gods will, she gains power over the Salem society and her word becomes virtually indisputable. Abigails motivations never seemed more complex then simple jealousy and a desire to take revenge on Elizabeth Proctor (John Proctors wife), who fired Abigail as a maid from their home after she discovered that Abigail and her husband (John) were having an affair. Abigail is driven by sexual longing and desire for power. Gaining power meant that Abigail could now express withdrawn feelings and act on long-held grudges. Abigail took full advantage of the situation which was occurring in Salem by accusing Elizabeth Proctor of witch craft; hoping to have her sent to jail or even killed. Abigail was conscious of the fact that this lie would result in pure success, having made prior preparation for this charade. Such explicit evidence could not be doubted nor questioned so Abigail took this opportunity to seek revenge on Elizabeth; the woman whom she despised for being the wife of her ex-lover John Proctor, and since Elizabeth had discharged Abigail from their home after the affair was exposed, Abigail was extremely motivated to get vengeance. Moreover, at the end of Act 3, Mary Warren is defeated by Abigail and has no choice but to side with her once more. Abigail succeeds in defeating Mary Warren by again, lying and manipulating the truth. Mary stands before the court to expose the truth about how Abigail and the other girls were not in compact with the devil and that they were all lying about their convention with the devil as well. Mary also attempts to reveal that everything the girls had done and were doing was entirely pretence. However, it is not long before Abigail begins to twist and manipulate the truth. Abigail fallaciously claims that she can see Mary with the devil and that she could also feel a strong wind. Abigail pretends to feel threatened by both Mary and the devil before the court. At first Mary pleads with Abigail and asks her to put a stop to her acting; Abigail: (looking about in the air, clasping her arms about her as though cold) I- I know not. A wind, a cold wind, has come. (Her eyes fall on Mary Warren) Mary: (Terrified, pleading) Abby! Abigail: (Shivering visibly) It is a wind, a wind! Mary: Abby, dont do that! However when she realises that her efforts are pointless and she would be much better off lying along with the girls, she points the finger at John Proctor and tells Judge Danforth that John is in touch with the devil and that John had threatened to kill her if she did not attend court to give a testimony. Mary: (hysterically pointing at Proctor fearful of him) My name he wants my name. Ill murder you he says if my wife hangs! we must go and overthrow the court, he says! Proctor: (turning, appealing to Hale): Mr Hale! Mary: (her sobs beginning) He wake me every night, his eyes were like coals and his fingers claw my neck, and I sign, I sign Mary: (Sobbing, she rushes to Abigail) Abby, Abby, Ill never hurt you more! Furthermore, even though Abigail is unsuccessful in this attempt she still tries to abuse her power and use it to her full potential by lying to Judge Danforth that a woman, whom she believes to be Reverend Hales wife, comes to her every night threatening to kill her. However, Danforth rejects this accusation made by Abigail as he claims that it is impossible for a ministers wife to be in compact with the devil. The reasons as to why Abigail may have abused and manipulated her power throughout the play might have been the following: To take revenge on Elizabeth Proctor, to be recognized by the Salem society and more importantly to be recognized and acknowledged my John Proctor. A further character in the play who also abused her power was Tituba. Tituba was Reverend Parriss West-Indian slave originally from Barbados. Tituba initially agreed to perform voodoo at Abigails request and lead the other girls to dance around a fire in the forest, at the beginning of the play. Tituba, whose status is lower than that of anyone else in the play by virtue of the fact that she is black, manages to deflect blame of herself by confessing apologetically and then condemning others who she claimed were also in touch with the devil. Not only did Tituba abuse her power but she succeeded in manipulating the situation by lying to Parris about her session with the devil. Tituba manages to rise even as a black slave who was substandard when she obtains a voice; this voice gives her power as well as control over the situation.

Giving It Away †Nothing for Nothing

Giving It Away – Nothing for Nothing I’m going to take a stance here that may rub some of y’all raw. Quit giving away your work. It’s an old mantra with me . . . one that FundsforWriters was founded upon. You cannot make a living giving yourself away. Doctors don’t give away their expertise. Lawyers charge for their services. So do teachers, plumbers . . . even hookers do it. But you need exposure, you may say. No you don’t. Not that kind of exposure. Do you know what you look like when you pitch an editor or agent and the only items on your resume are: 1) Your serial novel on your blog;2) Your articles on websites that do not pay;3) Your poetry for free on your website;4) Your free short stories on anyplace that will take them. But you keep trying to sell your work and nobody buys it. So you figure you’ll post it online and somebody might discover it. Here are the flaws in that logic. LOGIC A. The people hungry for your free work usually aren’t the type willing to pay. Think about it. They’re usually trolling for free work, and continually seek the good deal. They have no desire to pay full price for a book or subscription, maybe not even one copy of a magazine where your work appears, because there’s ample free material available. LOGIC B.Editors and agents do not visit those freebie places. Not unless you happen to be that one in a million writer who trends on Twitter or manages to garner tens of thousands of readers. Not hundreds†¦thousands. Your odds are better pitching to editors. LOGIC C. If you are publishing for free because you keep getting rejected, then your writing might need work. People willing to pay for writing expect to receive a good return for their investment, so your work has to be refined and polished to rate their hard-earned dollar. LOGIC DIf you are publishing for free because you don’t want to learn the ropes of how to submit to publishers and markets that pay, you might not be made of strong enough material to weather this business. Argue with me. Go ahead. Then tell me how much money you’ve made from that â€Å"exposure.† I’m all ears. I’m not trying to hurt your feelings. On the contrary. I want you to make a buck at this business. But too many writers think that giving their work away is â€Å"exposure† or a means to â€Å"getting discovered† when in reality, they usually end up sitting in place and waiting for nothing†¦and doing it for a long time. It’s understandable you need to be proactive, but put that energy to good use in the right direction. 1) Improve your writing2) Sell your work3) Promote yourself. You don’t want to appear so desperate you give it away. In all aspects of your life, how much quality do you attribute to something that was given to you for free? If you give your writing away for free, you cant afford to remain a writer for long. Fight to stick around . . . get paid for your work.

Effects on septeber 11 2001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects on septeber 11 2001 - Essay Example The modest effect was due to the Federal Reserve’s liquidity support to the financial community. One of the immediate effects of the attack though, is the downturn of the stock market. One lasting effect of the 9/11 tragedy is the increase in government funding in making production, distribution, finance and communication more secure in the US. More resources will be used for security rather than enhancing productive capacity (Makinen,7). In the aspect of world economies, additional security layers were placed in transporting goods which made it more costly in terms of distribution. There were greater impediments to the free movement of goods, services and capital (Makinen, 8). This also resulted in a slowdown in the growth of productivity. The effect of the terrorists’ attack was greatly felt in the tourism, airline and aviation and insurance industries. Even before 9/11, the airline industry was already experiencing financial troubles. The attack compounded the financial woes of several airline companies but the Federal government responded with an aid package (Makinen, 9). Air travel dropped tremendously as an aftermath of the attack; thus, there were several lay-offs in the industry. The insurance industry is one of the most affected industry by the 9/11 attack. â€Å"The loss of life and property gave rise to the largest property/casualty claim in history, estimated at US$40 billion† (Makinen, 9). Although the insurance companies were able to cover the claims, they became reluctant in providing coverage against future terrorists’ attack, not to mention that they do not have ample experience in deciding on the insurance rates and computing the reserves for it. Before the attack, the agriculture and food sector were already recovering from low prices and slow exports. Days after the attack there were some setbacks in the economy because of a stop in the commodities

Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Networking - Essay Example This study also encompassed the fastest net providers in every country. In the United States, Verizon and the FiOS network was ranked as the fastest net provider with an average speed of 1,056Kbps (Tsukayama 1). The FCC has a leading priority of providing faster access to broadband networks and faster download speeds. This access has been influenced by the partnership with Microsoft, Comcast among other non-governmental organization like the Clinton Global Initiative. According to Bill Clinton who is the former president in the United States, South Korea provides the fastest internet speeds (Tsukayama 1). This factor is influenced by the governmental policy which encourages partnerships with other organizations. Nowadays, the South Korean citizens enjoy an average internet speed of up to 16.63 megabits per second. Therefore, the access to internet services in South Korea is cheaper. In the United States, the residents pay an average of $46 monthly while the South Korean citizens pay a monthly fee of $38. This asserts that the United States should aim in providing better internet services because; the South Korean government has already initialized their improvement project in the internet provision sector. In conclusion, the current president of the United States is committed to setting up a plan whereby 98% of the Americans will receive better broadband services. The slower internet services are attributed by the fact that most citizens do not have the appropriate internet speeds to stream videos and load web pages. Therefore, the United States should implement a plan to increase their internet speeds through partnering with other companies (Smith 1). Smith, Catharine. South Koreas internet to be 200 times faster than in U.S. The Huffington Post 23 Feb. 2011. Web. Tsukayama, Hayley. S. Korea leads the

The various methods of dealing Essay Example for Free

The various methods of dealing Essay Legally, a working Monopoly is defined as a firm which controls 25% of their market. This immediately raises problems, within the measurement of market share, and the definition of their market. Microsoft is a considerably well known monopoly (as a whole), but is this the case for all areas of business? This would be the initial problem: determining their market. Microsoft spans a vast spectrum of business, however, virtually breaking into distinct main markets Desktop and Server. It is clear that Microsoft dominate the Desktop market, far outselling any near threats, but is this the case for the server market? I have broken down the server market into two main areas the Operating System itself, and the web based server. Operating System Percentage Share Linux 31.3% Microsoft Family 24.3% Server Software Percentage Share Apache Foundation 56% IIS (Microsoft) 24% According to the definition, Microsoft is not technically a monopoly in both markets. However, as Microsoft can be accepted to live within a single market (computing), they would have a clear monopoly. Consequentially, problems of dominance begin to occur. It has been discovered that they have been abusing their market power by forcing small firms into signing contracts that require them to purchase their software, should they be using their hardware. There are numerous ways to reduce or reclaim the power of monopolies, some controversial, and some are economic theory, therefore unrealistic. I will be discussing these within my essay. Monopolies tend to play as the dominant firm within their market, and as a result, tend to me price makers rather than takers. However, they can only control the price, or output, but not both. Generally, monopolies can be bad for the market mechanism as they are neither productively nor allocatively efficient. Like most firms, they would choose to profit maximise (at the point MC=MR). As you can see from the diagram on the left, if they choose to output the profit maximising level Q1, they will receive the price displayed by the demand curve P1. Fortunately, there are several remedies for monopoly. The first that I am going to discuss is: regulation. An excellent remedy for pure monopolies (where a single firm dominates 100% of a market) is regulation. Regulation involves the government appointing an independent body to monitor the activities of the firms. Ofcom (merged, previously Oftel) are a working example of this. They are the regulating body for the communications industry, covering telecommunications. Previously, before deregulation occurred, there were two main dominant firms: Telewest/NTL (Now Virgin Media), and British Telecommunications. If there was no regulatory body in place, it would have been too easy for this duopoly (where two main firms dominate the market) to price fix (tactically through the use of informal signals to indicate their future and current pricing structures) and therefore take advantage of the consumers, at they would have little choice other than to remove their fixed line telephones completely. One of the methods that can be used is RPI-X (RPI minus X) regulation. The value of X is defined by the regulatory body, and limits the pricing that firms may change based on the RPI (retail price index) less the value of X. As a result, if RPI-X0 then the firms will be forced to reduce their prices by the resultant value. The kind of price barrier will motivate firms to lower costs (as they cannot increase their prices) in order to generate greater profit for themselves. This kind of regulation has been using against British Gas, which expired on the 31st March 2000. Expanding on my telecommunications example: NTL has had agreements put in place by Oftel of RPI-1, so they were permitted to raise prices by no more than the value of RPI, less 1%, per year. However, this particular agreement expired on 31st December 1996. However, actual regulation has (in my opinion) proven to be inefficient and adequate, and possibly deemed to be failing the industry. A typical example of this lack of regulation is demonstrated by the unstoppable, but inevitable, profits of British Gas. They announced profits of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½992 million for the first 6 months of this year, less than 24 hours after raising household prices by 35. This raises the question of whether or not these price rises are justified. They, along with the rest of the market, justify their actions on the elevation of wholesale gas and electricity prices (costs which they cannot absorb), but is this form of a tacit agreement (where firms informally signal price decision to other firms, to suggest they copy)? While it is proven that the barrel of oil did rise to approximately $150 per barrel, the firms were quick to act, raising their prices in quick succession of each other. However, now that the prices have fallen by half, have the firms taken the same quick action in reducing prices? I think not. This is an example of asymmetric information between the firms and the regulator, where the regulator is only dropping suggestions to the firms; they are not forcing any actions upon them. Despite preaches by Fuel Poverty organisations and EnergyWatch (the regulator), prices are still not falling at the rate that they should be. However, one of the most significant problems lie within determining the correct value of X for RPI-X price capping, as the regulator has few resources (as this example has demonstrated), therefore they cannot correctly evaluate costs. Setting a value too low may lead to under investment within the industry, causing undesired adverse effects. Having said this, the regulatory body has the power to split up a monopoly into multiple, smaller, firms if it deems this as necessary. This can be good for the market, as this will open up it to more competition, and possibly lower barriers to entry for other firms. This is the case of British Gas, where the regulator (Ofgas) had split it up into two major firms: Centrica and Transco. The idea was to open the market up to greater competition, as then British Gas (a trading name of Centrica) who sells the gas to business and domestic users would be separated from Transco who manage the actual gas pipelines. This would lower the barriers to entry (sunk costs) for new firms, as they would not have to produce the gas, nor have it routed to their customers homes. They can simply purchase it at a wholesale rate, and sell that on with a margin for profit. Other countries have adopted a different method for regulating monopolies, called Rate of return regulation. This is where companies are taxed a percentage of their profits, however this has similar problems. As there is no price ceiling introduced by this method, the monopolistic firm(s) may choose to simply increase their prices in order to cover the additional tax. This actually solves no problems, and leaves the consumer worse off, as they would be faced with paying higher prices. As the market is dominated by the few single firms, it may leave the consumer no choice but to purchase their goods from those single or sole suppliers at the higher cost. The competition commission also has a strong say on mergers, whether or not they are permitted to go ahead, if there is a threat to the market of a monopoly. An example of this was the Halifax Bank of Scotland and Lloyds TSB merger which resulted in a monopoly for the merged company of the mortgage market over 30% market share. However, these rules were brushed aside due to the nature of the merger, and the apparent confidence that the bank would collapse, and the government being unable to use more public money, therefore being unable to resort to nationalisation without public backlash. The reverse of regulation, de-regulation, can also help to remedy the problems of monopoly. De-regulation is when remove or simplify restrictions on a market in order to increase competition, or the threat within. While the thread of competition may keep push prices down (limit pricing where firms sell at just above their average costs, therefore diminishing the threat of new firms entering the market, forcing any new entrants not to take the chance as the barriers to entry and exit may be too high), it may not been enough in the long term. An example of this is the postal industry. In 2006, the market was fully deregulated, meaning that any new entrant had the ability to complete a range of functions, ranging from collecting and deliver door-to-door mail, to bulk mailing. While this does open the market up to some serious competition, the barriers to entry are still too high. The initial cost of dropping door-to-door mail to 99% of the country is very labour intensive, and explains why the state owned Royal Mail have a monopoly on this. Additionally, there needs to be a way for new firms to pick-up the mail locally from their clients. All this has to be profitably fairly quickly, as if they firm does not have enough finance behind them, they will quickly go bankrupt. However, there have been several new entrants to the marketplace for courier services, and this has become more apparent over the past few years. Such an example is www.Parcel2Go.com (who are a reseller of such companies such as DHL), but pickup large items from your home (as this cheaper service is domestic) and deliver it to another place of a domestic nature for a extraordinary low fee in comparison to the pricing that Royal Mail would change for the same service. Monopolies can also be dealt with by challenge of new firms. However, when a monopoly exists, this is sometimes less likely due to barriers to entry and exit. The new entrants have to assess these barriers, and judge whether or not it would be wise for them to compete; this then encompasses the theory of contestable markets. There are several factors involved, such as the reputation (pricing predictions) of the current (incumbent) firm. The existing monopoly may employ (legal) limit pricing to keep the threat of competition low, or apply predatory pricing. Illegal in the UK, predatory pricing involves setting the price below cost, with the intent to drive out their rivals, and then raise prices again. Another such formal form of collusion is cartels, however they are also forbidden by law. Fortunately, such anti-competitive practices are removable, however unfortunately, as I have discussed above: tacit collusion is the most likely and the hardest to prove and stop. Furthermore, there is resale price maintenance where the manufacturer will fix the price that the retailer must sell their goods at (they will generally apply this), and if they did not they would refuse to supply, which is again, illegal. Additionally, the incumbent firm can compete with non-pricing strategies, such as brand loyalty schemes or certain kinds of special offers so that their customers naturally do not buy from their competitors. There are also considerable sunk costs that are involved, and the more irrevocable they are, the less tempting for the new entrant. Depreciation is common, and when technology is fast-moving, a production system thats 6 months old can lose considerable value, quickly. An almost totally irrevocable cost is advertising such as branding and gaining that brand awareness and loyalty. While its average cost can be kept low by spreading the budget over large volumes of output, however the only realistic way this cost can be recovered, is if the firm was to sell their entire brand to the monopolist. Unfortunately, the incumbent firm can easy rival any advertising that the new entrant makes, making their efforts redundant. There may also be legal barriers, but these are more uncommon than not. Such barriers will include Patents, where the incumbent firm is rewarded for the research and inventions that they have created, so have a legal barrier to prevent any other firms from coping their idea, design or otherwise. Such patents stand for around 2 decades, so this can be a considerable amount of time for the incumbent firm to gain a monopoly on their product (regardless of the fact they will be the sole supplier). Natural monopolies act at as a barrier to entry for new firms, and within industries such as Water (Thames Water have a monopoly on this), it would be too costly and inefficient to lay down two pipes to consumers homes. However, should the market be deregulated for example, if Thames Water sell the water a wholesale price (such as British Gas does with Gas) then additional firms can afford to enter the market with lower barriers to entry. Finally, there is information asymmetry, where the existing firm has the experience and the knowledge about the industry that allows them to be more productive and drive down their costs. If the information is not known to the new entrants, this can be a sunk cost for them, acting as yet another deterrent for entering the market. However, having discussed the problems that monopolies may bring, the reverse can be true. Monopolies can be beneficial to a market because they achieve greater economies of scale, and tend to have a lower market price than smaller firms as they are more able to pass on cost reduction. A typical example of this would be the comparison of a monopolistic firm such as Tesco against Jays News. A typical product, one pint of milk will cost around 49 pence in a small firms shop, or 26 pence in Tesco. At a 53% saving, it seems clear that monopolies can benefit the greater economy. Sources: NTL Price Capping: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/ind_info/broadcasting/ntlprice/section2.htm

Comparing the Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid Ess

The Infernal Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid Does hell have its own history? For Dante, the structural and thematic history of ‘hell’ in the Inferno begins with the Roman epic tradition and its champion poet, Virgil. By drawing heavily from the characteristics of hell in Book VI of The Aeneid, Dante carries the epic tradition into the medieval world and affirms his indebtedness to Virgil’s poetry. Moreover, Virgil becomes a central character in the Inferno as he guides Dante, the pilgrim, who has no knowledge of hell, through his own historical model. Similarly, the protagonist of The Aeneid, Aeneas, lacks the foresight necessary to make the journey through hell on his own and thus places his trust in the mythological prophet, the Sybil. Because the Sybil and Virgil already have knowledge of the underworld, their characters in The Aeneid and the Inferno are associated with history, both literally through Virgil’s poetry and metaphorically through their enduring wisdom in eyes of the pilgrim and Aeneas . For Aeneas and the pilgrim, however, religious history evolves from an ancient world of paganism to medieval Christianity and these values are transposed onto hell itself--showing that its history changes over time. Furthermore, the living realities that the pilgrim and Aeneas take into the underworld prove unstable when juxtaposed with hell’s slippery and ever-changing ambience. In Book VI of The Aeneid, Aeneas enters an underworld filled with triple-hybrid beasts, sinners, heroes, and a transparent physical reality that foils his warriorlike instincts for conflict and resolution. Likewise, in Dante’s Inferno, the journeying pilgrim witnesses a horrific blurring of life and death, which in this case nega... ...f. Through the infernal struggle Aeneas and the pilgrim discover the limitations of their mortal realities, and ultimately come to an awareness of their existence as transcendent, spiritual beings against shifting religious, historical, and poetical climates. Works Cited Bailey, Cyril. Religion in Virgil. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1969. Clarke, Howard. ed. Virgil’s Aeneid. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State UP, 1989. Day-Lewis, C. ed. The Eclogues of Virgil. London: Jonathan Cape, 1963. Durling, Robert M. ed. The Inferno. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Eco, Umberto. Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages. Trans. Hugh Bradin. New Haven: Yale UP, 1986. Jacoff, Rachel and Jeffrey T. Schnapp. The Poetry of Allusion: Virgil and Ovid in Dante’s Commedia. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1991. Virgil. The Aeneid. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. 1965.

Week 3 Bis/320 Weekly Reflection Outline

University of Phoenix Material Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business Your team has been researching and discussing three bookstores throughout the course to apply the concepts presented. For this assignment, you will continue to apply those concepts in a final paper. Write a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore. Discuss one of the three bookstores based on the research and evaluation in your Learning Team. Introduce your selected bookstore. oWho and what is the bookstore? What is their mission? oWhat products do they sell? oWho are their customers? oExplain their website. †¢Color †¢Navigation †¢Ease of using the tools; for example, using credit cards for purchases †¢Discuss your selected bookstore. oInclude terms such as hardware, software, databases, data communications, Internet technolo gies, collaboration tools, and security. oInclude how they use hardware and software components. oDiscuss the types of database information used by the bookstore based on what you see on their website.Identify any additional information the bookstore could have added to enhance their database. oIdentify their data communication technologies. oDiscuss how they address security issues. †¢Address the following questions in your analysis. oWhat hardware, software, networks, and data does the organization have? oWho manages it? oWho uses it? oWho owns it? oWhere is it located? oWhere is it used? oDoes the technology fulfill the business objectives? Use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into your selected bookstore.Examples include a collaboration tool or the use of cloud computing. †¢Research SDLC methodology. †¢Include the below five phases of the SDLC method: oSystem definition oRequirements analysis oComponent design oImplementation oMaintenance Detail a dis aster recovery plan for your selected bookstore and include the following: †¢Types of disasters and threats †¢People involved and their roles †¢Assets to protect including information †¢Data policy definitions †¢Necessary response plans in case of a disaster Cite at least five references in your paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines

Clique Pens Analysis Essay

Currently Clique pens is stuck in a situation where they are competing with other pen brands including BIC, Scripto, Pentel, Pilot, Papermate, and Sharpie. The fight for shelf space is among some of the biggest retailers worldwide such as Wal-Mart, Target, CVS, and Kroger. Because of the immense power retailers hold in this market, companies like Clique need to make sure they are allocating their funds in ways that deem appropriate to stay on the shelves. Pens are a high profit and high-turnover items which for retailers is great, but because retailers haven’t changed the price for almost over a decade, manufacturers are receiving less and less profit from their items. Retailers hold the power over the manufacturers in this market due to the amount of brands available; if one brand wasn’t working for the retailer, they could simply choose another brand. In order to remain profitable Clique’s brand managers have worked with different marketing and ad agencies to d evelop an integrated package of advertising, trade and consumer promotions to maintain the market share. Clique allocated 15% of its total promotional budget to advertising, 30% to consumer promotions, and 55% to trade promotions. Types of advertising Clique used consumer promotions and price off deals through the retailer, in such ways you would see in an ad in a magazine, â€Å"available at target†. Consumer promotions were mostly used as coupons distributed to the customer through newspapers, in-store displays, and cash register receipts. Coupon redemption rates deemed useless for the most part considering rates were about 1.3% lower than most other consumer products. Elise Ferguson (president of the writing implements division of U.S. home) has a very important decision to make; whether or not the company should spend their time and money marketing towards retailers or towards consumers, in order to grow Clique’s profits. One option that the company could choose to go with would be marketing towards the consumers rather than the retailers. Logan Chen, vice president of marketing feels that reducing trade discounts and establishing a consumer oriented MDF (Market Development Funds), coupled with additional consumer-targeted marketing programs is the way to ensure that consumers are receiving the full benefit of Clique’s promotional dollars. However, Ross McMillan, sales vice president disagrees on that course of action whole heartedly. If Clique were to use a majority of their sales and marketing funds towards the consumer the company could  lose considerable shelf space and sales to competitors, due to the reduced marketing controlled funds. Consumers in this market also do not hold much if any brand loyalty, which means they wouldn’t pay much mind to advertising. Another large factor to keep in mind would be the fact that coupon redemption rates are 1.4% lower than other consumer products, which means wasting money that was spent on this type of advertising. Going with this option would be extremely costly for Clique as well as a dangerous move in the already fragile market; one wrong move towards the retailers and Clique could kiss their shelf space goodbye.

Marriage In Pride And Prejudice Essays - Pride And Prejudice

Marriage In Pride And Prejudice Essays - Pride And Prejudice Marriage In Pride And Prejudice Marriage in Pride and Prejudice It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. This first sentence of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice could not have better prepared the reader for the rest of the novel. The thread that sews together the lives of all the characters in this classic is the establishment of marriage. Austen uses the Bennet family of Longbourn to illustrate the good and bad reasons behind marriage. Mrs. Bennet is an irritating woman whose main goal in life is to get her five daughters married. It might be correct in assuming that she felt social and financial pressure to do so. Her husband's estate was entailed to his nephew, Mr. Collins, upon Mr. Bennet's death. Therefore, Mrs. Bennet wanted her daughters to have financial stability elsewhere in case of their father's death. In the time period of this story there was very little social acceptance of women who were single their whole lives. For the most part, women could not acquire money on their own without inheriting or marrying into good fortune. Women who could not find a husband were often referred to as old maids and lived their whole lives with their parents. I can understand why Mrs. Bennet did not want this for any of her daughters. The Bennets' marriage was not ideal. Mr. Bennet had married his wife because she was beautiful in her youth and her ability to supply him with children. Eventually though, her beauty faded and so did their enjoyment of each other. He enjoyed his time alone in his study where he could be away from his wife and daughters. Mrs. Bennet enjoyed gossiping about neighbors and finding future husbands for her daughters. I do believe that Austen is showing the reader that marrying only for physical appearance is wrong - beauty fades with time. Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth's dearest friend, marries Mr. Collins for money. The narrator plainly states that Charlotte accepted his proposal for the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment. She was twenty-six years old and her family was beginning to be worried. Upon hearing of her engagement, her brothers were relieved from their apprehension of Charlotte dying an old maid. Charlotte wanted nothing more out of marriage than financial stability and that is what she got. In Hunsford it seems that Charlotte did nothing but tend to the chores of maintaining her home and pleasing Lady Catherine. I do not believe that Charlotte and Mr. Collins were in love at all and they did not really seem too happy in each other's company. I think their marriage was an illustration of why you should not marry just for financial reasons. Lydia's marriage to Wickham was simply for romance and lust. For a good while, the flirtatious teenager had had her eye on military officers. I believe that when Wickham showed her attention she fell in love and henceforth came their marriage. The sad fact is that she liked him a great deal more than he cared about her. Wickham had many debts and used the money he got from marrying her to pay them off. Therefore, Lydia is married to a man that doesn't really care for her all that much and Wickham is married to a girl that cannot really offer him anything. This couple shows that you should marry someone who feels the same towards you or eventually you will be unhappy. The marriages of the two eldest Bennet daughters were pleasant and appear to be ideal. Jane had longed for Mr. Bingley for quite a while. Bingley was handsome, rich, kind, and well liked. He and Jane shared many conversations and had complimentary personalities. They were pleasantly matched and I believe that they shared a happy life together. Elizabeth and Darcy's marriage was an excellent match. They were equal in intellect, had physical attraction and deep love for one another, financial security, romance, and companionship. They are the two I believe would be most happy in life. Austen wanted the reader to know that marriage should be approached as a package deal - a package of love, financial stability, physical attraction,

Causal Analysis of the Arab Spring

Tunisian female municipal officer and her asides who confiscated the fruit and vegetables he was selling from a street stall and slapped his face in the process, set himself on fire and passed away a few days later. As an aftermath of this incident, a huge wave of protests over unemployment and social issues sparked out in Tunisia, forcing then-president  Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to step down from his position after 23 years in power. Following this event, activists and ordinary people started to head out onto streets in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other Arab sub-regions and societies, demanding democracy, social justices, dignity, and freedom. Ultimately, an unprecedented  revolutionary wave  of nonviolent and violent  demonstrations,  protests, riots, and  civil wars known as Arab Spring, or many may call it Arab Awakening,  has spread across the entire  Arab World, overthrowing handfuls of tyrants and authoritarian regimes that, for decades, had been taking control over the area. Behind the actual uprisings were many and long gathering root causes. For decades, Arab people had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption, and stifling of political dissent. Social justice and human dignity were also not respected in most countries. Furthermore, this area of 300 million people was producing an unprecedented youth population, with around two-thirds of the total population below 29 years of age. At the same time, this young generation was annoyed by 25 percent unemployment, frustrated by diminished dreams, motivated greater personal freedoms, and equipped with technological tools of social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. In addition to that, international influences from Europe and the United States, actors who have long been desiring for the abundant energy supplies, trade and investment regional security in the region, also induced the event in the name of â€Å"promoting democracy. † Looking back to the causes of the Arab Spring, although Mohamed Bouazizi’s self-immolation set fire to the revolution, the actual driving forces behind the revolt were primarily the development of social media and the internal social issues that have been smolderingly existing in the region for decades. First of all, it is important to mention that even before the happening of Bouazizi’s self-emulation, the Arab World has long been striving for political changes because of the mass unemployment and low living standards of educated class. Unlike most regions, unemployment rates in the SWANNA region are highest amongst the more educated youth. According to Imed Drine in his article â€Å"Youth Unemployment in the Arab World: What Do We know? What is the Way Forward? , published by the World Institude for Development Economics Research, youth unemployment rate in the region was about 25 percent, among the highest in the world. The situation is even worse for young women with an unemployment rate of about 40 percent. Compared to other global regions, the region has shown the highest rate of labour force increase over the last three decades; the unemployment rate for young age groups is 40 percent in some countries. In many Arab countries such as Tunisia and Egypt, it was very usual that university graduates were forced to drive taxis or sell grocery in open stalls to survive, and families with children struggled to provide food and education for their kids. On top of that, there were also drastic gaps between the income of the majority of the population and that of the top elite in most Arabic countries. â€Å"Egypt has had a massive income gap throughout Mubarak’s control, which is clearly the root cause of the original uprising. One half of Egyptians live on $2/day or less. The average per-capita income in the country is just $6,200 and 24% of young people in the Arab region cannot find jobs (source). In addition, in some Arab sub-regions, large budget deficits were pervasive mainly due to the unnecessary price subsidies on consumer products such as fuel that did not really help the poor but rather favored the affluent population. Other economic issues including poverty, rising food prices, and inflation have also been serious internal issues that eventually led to Arab revolution. According to two Russians researchers, A. Korotayev and J. Zinkina, in their analysis on Egyptian revolution, Egypt was also one of the most fast growing countries in the world in terms of food prices. This fact had undoubtedly played a role in undermining the Egyptian sociopolitical system. While half of the population survived only on $2 per a day or even less and had to face a huge price inflation, the upper class was flooded with abundant resources. Such gaps in income and social classes are obviously undesirable, if not dangerous, for the stability of a society as they create tensions and tear down the sense of unity in the population. They certainly set the stage for the uprising to occur, causing a small incident of Bouazizi to become a devastating social event like Arab Spring. Another internal problem that has made a great contribution to people’s discontent and rebellion was the corruption of Arab leaders and their aging dictatorship. The corruption was extremely widespread in Arab world, and economic hardships were unequally distributed. The political system only worked with and responded to the elites and large businesses in an attempt to accumulate enormous sums of money. Only a small minority of the country actually benefited from this corrupted regime, the rest suffered and was neglected. Nothing could have been done or approved without bribery to the Arab leaders and their relatives. In most cases, whether an investment deal would be closed or not depended on the bribing and one’s connections. Besides the corruption issue, the political system was destabilized due to incompetent and outmoded leaders. â€Å"By the end of the 20th century, most Arab dictatorships were utterly bankrupt both ideologically and morally. When the Arab Spring happened in 2011, Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak had been in power since 1980, Tunisia’s Ben Ali since 1987, while Muammar al-Qaddafi ruled over Libya for 42 years† (source). During the time of rising literacy and shrinking birthrate, instead of replacing the problematic leadership positions with younger, more educated, and innovative leaders, old and stagnant government was preserved, which eventually lead to the overall social and economic decline of the region. There is always the fear of being oppressed by the security services and the lack of political opportunities among the citizens. Although people remained passive and submitted to the repression of their rulers until the Arab revolution in 2011, needless to say, most of them highly doubted the legitimacy of the aging political systems and their leaders. Their discontent and feelings of injustice with the government was the platform of the revolt and later became the potential source of further social disruption and conflict. In addition to being a counter act to the aging dictatorship, Arab Spring was simultaneously a response to human rights violation. The political freedom of expression of people was limited and there was a shift in power o the police endorsed by the law. This law â€Å" . . . allow[ed] the state to detain individuals and censor and close newspapers more easily and allow[ed] authorities to try civilians in front of military and security courts under certain circumstances† (Sehata:2004). A regular citizen was oppressed, did not have a freedom of speech and was treated poorly by the secu rity services. Even an educated person, as is evident in the case of the graduate student Mohamed Bouazizi, had to endure the same ill-treatment and injustice. Furthermore, the uprising was also a reaction to sexual abuse and domestic violence of women and children. It attempted to bring equality, political, and social rights for disadvantaged groups, especially for women who were often considered the second-class citizens. Women were a driving force in the protests. â€Å"At the time of the revolution, we really observed that women of all social classes, including the lower class, were mobilized. Women stood in defiance of political regimes, and challenged their traditional exclusion from the public sphere† (Bertrand, The Voice of Russia). Women played a crucial role in this revolution since they were active participants who fought for their dignity, economic, political, social, and their children’s rights. Besides all the internal issues discussed above, it is important to mention that there were also other factors that have contributed to the spread of this phenomena such as the use social networks. A big part of this uprising is intrinsically associated with recent social media and changes in the global social climate. It is very important to take into consideration the fact that social events are more than just susceptible to the conditions of their external environments. The Arab Spring, thus, is not an exception. We are living in an information-age where people interact and exchange ideas at a much higher rate and wider range than ever. With the inventions of telecommunicational devices, the Internet, global social networks, etc. , it has become just a matter of a blink of an eye for a message to get to its targets. These technological advancements have also changed the way people commune and spend their time. People are becoming more and more inclined to communicate virtually rather than face-to-face. The number of internet users in both Tunisia and Egypt nearly doubled between 2008 and 2009. According the the CIA World Factbook, Egypt ranks 21st in the world in terms of the number of internet users; Tunisia, by contrast, ranks 60th. Though internet access may not be as strong as, say, in the United States, in these countries it is comparatively cheaper and it is safe to say that a great many people in these countries have internet access of some kind. Also, according to the latest research conducted by the Internet World Statistics, around 90 milion Arab people use the Internet on a day-to-day basis to either look up new information or stay connected with their friends. This number makes up to 40% of the total population. The same research also shows that out of these internet users, 20% are registered on Facebook. Taking other activities and social networks into consideration, the number would be many times that. As a consequence, these social and behavioral changes have brought about an environment extremely sensitive to word-of-mouth epidemics, and the Arab Spring is one of the benefactors. In countries like Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, rising action plans such as protests made up of thousands, have been organized through social media such Facebook and Twitter. â€Å"We use Facebook to schedule the protests,  Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world,† said one Arab activist. Activists were able to build extensive social networks and organized political action, thus, social media became a critical part of the toolkit for greater freedom. Furthermore, social networks have also broken the psychological barrier of fear by helping many people to connect and share information about the social uprising. It has given most people in the Arab world the knowledge that they are not alone, that there are others experiencing just as much brutality, just as much hardships, just as much lack of justice. There are numerous number of videos on YouTube where activists speak out their ideas and call for people reactions. According to Catherine O’Donnell a writer for the University of Washington in her article â€Å"New Study Quantifies Use of Social Media in Arab Spring†, â€Å"During the week before Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak’s resignation, for example, the total rate of tweets from Egypt — and around the world — about political change in that country ballooned from 2,300 a day to 230,000 a day. Videos featuring protest and political commentary went viral – the top 23 videos received nearly 5. 5 million views. The amount of content produced online by opposition groups, in Facebook and political blogs, increased dramatically. This enormous number not only indicates how popular the Arab Spring is but also implies how important social media are for the Arab Spring. Hussein Amin, professor of mass communications at the  American  University  in  Cairo  said that social networks for the first time provided activists with an opportunity to quickly disseminate information while bypassing government restrictions. † Nowadays, just as much easier for activists to reach their targeted audiences, so too it is for the audiences to learn about new ideas and social events, all thanks to the advents of technologies and the extra amount of time people spend on social networks. Despite all of the factors above, Arab Spring could have never happened if it was not for Bouazizi’s self-emulation. As mentioned above, there was always the fear of being oppressed by the security services. Before the happening of the incident, although the government did not respect people’s dignity, they remained passive and submitted to the repression of their rulers. Therefore, the bad social conditions in the Arab World and those influences from social media have only been the platform for Arab Spring to spark, and the precipitating cause that triggered the uprising is Bouazizi. His act symbolized the frustration and desperation of millions in the Arab world and sett into motion a series of revolutions across the Middle East and North Africa. His death has urged people across the region raise their voice, fight for their own rights, and come fearless of the goverment. His was a cry for dignity, justice, and opportunity, which continues to be heard around a region undergoing tumultuous change. His death has not taken people’s anger to a next level but also gathered people who face the same issues with the government together. Thanks to him, in todays Middle East, people have come to realized that they do matter. Thanks to him, people in the Middle East has learned to voice their concerns and fight for their rights. Many people are now engaged in what could be a life-long struggle to fight long-standing grievances and take greater control of their lives, all thanks to Bouazizi. His death is like that one extra salt crystal that makes a solid form out of a saturated solution; for decades people had been remaining passive and submit to their tyrants and the next second those aging dictators had to crumble just because of one incident. Nothing would have happened if Bouazizi had not reacted against oppression and a lack of espect. The revolutions of Tunisia and Egypt provides a keen example of how new media can be used to afford people political agency. The movement’s participants innovated with the technology to compose coordinated efforts, compose an identities (using the technologies affordances rather than its prescribed templates), compose quickly and deliberately, and compose messag es to change the materiality of where they live. Furthermore, this uprising also reminds people around the world that people do react to social injustice and ill-treatments from the government. It is also of utmost importance not only for the Arab people but also people from all over the world to honor the sacrifice of Bouazizi as he has initiated the revolution that has awakened people’s power and changed the way governments look at their people. Although we cannot tell whether Arab Spring will have fix those social issues in the Arab world and have a positive impact on the society or not, it is a firm confirmation that with today’s social media, people do and will respond to any kind of social justice.